Role of initial medical treatment and effectiveness of thoracic endovascular aortic repair for acute type A aortic dissection with thrombosed false lumen

Abstract

Abstract OBJECTIVES The optimal treatment for acute type A aortic dissection (AAAD) with thrombosed false lumen (T-FL) of the ascending aorta remains controversial. The goal of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes of initial medical treatment (IMT) and the effectiveness of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for AAAD with T-FL. METHODS We retrospectively analysed 60 patients with AAAD with T-FL. Emergency aortic repair was performed in 33 patients, and IMT was selected in 27 uncomplicated patients with ascending aortic diameter < 50 mm and ascending T-FL thickness ≤ 10 mm. RESULTS Among the 27 patients who received IMT, 14 had intramural haematomas at admission; however, new ulcer-like projections appeared in 7 (50%) during hospitalization. Before discharge, 12 (44%) were given medical treatment only, and 15 (56%) required delayed aortic repair including TEVAR in 8 and open repair in 7. The median interval from onset to delayed repair was 9 days, and significantly more patients received TEVAR compared to those receiving emergency repair (53% vs 21%; P = 0.043). Between the TEVAR (n = 15) and the open repair (n = 33) groups, 1 (7%) 30-day death occurred in the TEVAR group, whereas no in-hospital deaths occurred in the open repair group. During the median follow-up time of 24.8 months, no aorta-related death was observed, and there were no statistically significant differences in the rate of freedom from aortic events (TEVAR: 92.8%/3 years vs open repair: 88.4%/3 years; P = 0.871). CONCLUSIONS Our management, using a combination of emergency aortic repair, IMT and delayed aortic repair for AAAD with T-FL, achieved favourable clinical outcomes. Among the selected Japanese patients, IMT with repeated multidetector computed tomography could detect a new intimal tear that could be closed by TEVAR in some cases. Using EVAR for this pathology resulted in acceptable early and midterm outcomes. Further investigations are required to validate the safety and efficacy of this management procedure.