1. We should like to thank an anonymous referee for some helpful suggestions.
2. Cf. Bauman, p. 210; M. Grant, The Twelve Caesars(London, 1975), pp. 118–19.
3. This incontrovertible case has naturally caused difficulties for those who wish to believe that Gaius had abolished the lex maiestatis.Thus Barrett asserts (p. 86) that some lesser charge is more likely here but offers no evidence or argument. Bauman's treatment (pp. 105–6) is most unsatisfactory. He believes Caligula abolished the lex maiestatisentirely (pp. 23,20S) but still sees this incident as an instance of impietas(i.e. maiestas)and makes no attempt to resolve the contradiction. A. Ferrill, Caligula Emperor of Rome(London, 1991), pp. 98, 112–113, is also inconsistent. He notes the destruction of documents relating to specific cases at the start of the reign but then goes on to talk of a revival of the treason law when the documents were resurrected in A.D. 39.
4. See Balsdon, p. 43, and the Loeb edn of Dio n. 2 on 57.14.10.
5. Dio 59.13.1–8. It seems clear from Dio 59.16.1 that these events preceded the rehabilitation of Tiberius.