1. References to other sources, including interviews, archives, newspaper articles, websites and grey publications, are contained in relevant footnotes.
2. Berry, S. , Fathers Work for Their Sons: Accumulation, mobility and class formation in an extended Yorúbá community (University of California Press, Berkeley, 1983).
3. Beuving, J.J. , ‘Cotonou’s Klondike: African traders and second-hand car markets in Bénin’, Journal of Modern African Studies42, (2004), pp. 511–37.
4. Bio-Sawe, I. , Le Port de Cotonou d’hier à aujourd ’hui (Port de Cotonou, Cotonou, 1995).
5. Cohen, A. , Custom and Politics in Urban Africa: A study of Hausa migrants in Yoruba towns (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1969).