Psychosocial factors correlate with adherence to medications among cardiovascular outpatient clinics in Jordan

Abstract

Abstract Background Adherence to medications is a significant element of self-care behaviors for patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Non-adherence to cardiovascular medications is the major risk for poor outcomes following any cardiac event. However, there is a lack of studies that addressed medication adherence among patients with CVDs attending outpatient clinics in Arabic countries, including Jordan. Thus, this study purposed to assess the psychosocial factors (e.g. depression, anxiety, stress, social support and self-esteem) and their correlation with adherence to medications among patients with CVDs attending outpatient clinics in Jordan. Methods A total of 395 Jordanian patients attending CVDs outpatient clinics at government, military and private healthcare facilities were recruited. Results Our study findings showed that 31.4% of the patients reported complete adherence to their medications. The proportion of psychological reactions reported by the participants was 72.1% for depressive symptoms, 62.6% for anxiety and 50.1% for stress; 79.7% had moderate and normal social support, and 44% had low self-esteem. Depression, anxiety and stress had a significant negative correlation with adherence to medications; however, self-esteem had a significant positive relationship with adherence to medications. In addition, depression, anxiety and stress were the main predictors of adherence to medications. Conclusion Our findings might aid in paving the road for designing and developing strategies and interventions to increase adherence to medications and minimize these psychosocial problems among CVD patients in outpatient clinics.