Prediagnostic Plasma Bile Acid Levels and Colon Cancer Risk: A Prospective Study

Author:

Kühn Tilman1,Stepien Magdalena2ORCID,López-Nogueroles Marina3,Damms-Machado Antje1,Sookthai Disorn1ORCID,Johnson Theron1ORCID,Roca Marta3ORCID,Hüsing Anika1,Maldonado Sandra González1,Cross Amanda J45ORCID,Murphy Neil2,Freisling Heinz6ORCID,Rinaldi Sabina7ORCID,Scalbert Augustin7ORCID,Fedirko Veronika8ORCID,Severi Gianluca910ORCID,Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine910ORCID,Mancini Francesca Romana910ORCID,Sowah Solomon A1ORCID,Boeing Heiner11ORCID,Jakszyn Paula1213ORCID,Sánchez Maria J1415,Merino Susana16ORCID,Colorado-Yohar Sandra151718ORCID,Barricarte Aurelio151920ORCID,Khaw Kay Tee21ORCID,Schmidt Julie A5ORCID,Perez-Cornago Aurora5ORCID,Trichopoulou Antonia22ORCID,Karakatsani Anna2223ORCID,Thriskos Paschalis22ORCID,Palli Domenico24ORCID,Agnoli Claudia25ORCID,Tumino Rosario26ORCID,Sacerdote Carlotta27ORCID,Panico Salvatore28ORCID,Bueno-de-Mesquita Bas4293031ORCID,van Gils Carla H32ORCID,Heath Alicia K4ORCID,Gunter Marc J2,Riboli Elio4ORCID,Lahoz Agustín3ORCID,Jenab Mazda2ORCID,Kaaks Rudolf1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany

2. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Nutritional Epidemiology Group

3. Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, Lyon, France; Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe, Analytical Unit, Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit Valencia, Spain

4. School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, London, UK

5. Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

6. Nutritional Methodology and Biostatistics Group

7. Biomarkers Group

8. Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta

9. CESP, Fac. de médecine-Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine-UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif

10. Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France

11. Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany

12. Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitallet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

13. Facultat de Ciències de la Salut Blanquerna, Universitat Ramón Llull, Barcelona, Spain

14. Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain

15. CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain

16. Public Health Directorate, Asturias, Spain

17. Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain

18. Research Group on Demography and Health, National Faculty of Public Health, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia

19. Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain

20. Navarra Institute for Health Research Pamplona, Spain

21. University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Gerontology Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK

22. Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece

23. 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Attikon” University Hospital, Haidari, Greece

24. Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy

25. Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy

26. Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, “Civic - M.P. Arezzo” Hospital, ASP, Ragusa, Italy

27. Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention, Turin, Italy

28. Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia Federico II University, Naples, Italy

29. Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands

30. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

31. University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

32. Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care

Abstract

Abstract Background Bile acids have been proposed to promote colon carcinogenesis. However, there are limited prospective data on circulating bile acid levels and colon cancer risk in humans. Methods Associations between prediagnostic plasma levels of 17 primary, secondary, and tertiary bile acid metabolites (conjugated and unconjugated) and colon cancer risk were evaluated in a nested case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Bile acid levels were quantified by tandem mass spectrometry in samples from 569 incident colon cancer cases and 569 matched controls. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for colon cancer risk across quartiles of bile acid concentrations. Results Positive associations were observed between colon cancer risk and plasma levels of seven conjugated bile acid metabolites: the primary bile acids glycocholic acid (ORquartile 4 vs quartile 1= 2.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.52 to 3.26), taurocholic acid (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.23 to 2.58), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.13 to 2.48), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.11 to 2.36), and glycohyocholic acid (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.13 to 2.40), and the secondary bile acids glycodeoxycholic acid (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.12 to 2.54) and taurodeoxycholic acid (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.02 to 2.31). By contrast, unconjugated bile acids and tertiary bile acids were not associated with risk. Conclusions This prospective study showed that prediagnostic levels of certain conjugated primary and secondary bile acids were positively associated with risk of colon cancer. Our findings support experimental data to suggest that a high bile acid load is colon cancer promotive.

Funder

Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers via the project Aging and Metabolic Programming

European Union through the Operational Program of the European Regional Development Fund

European Regional Development Fund

Institute of Health Carlos III of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Cancer Research,Oncology

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