Vitamin D levels and the risk of overactive bladder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author:

Zhang Qiang123ORCID,Zhang Zhicheng123,He Xueyu123,Liu Zhenmin123,Shen Lianju123,Long Chunlan123,Wei Guanghui123,Liu Xing1234,Guo Chunming5

Affiliation:

1. Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

2. Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

3. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

4. Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

5. School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University , Kunming, China

Abstract

Abstract Context Overactive bladder is treated mainly with behavioral and drug therapy, and symptoms of urinary frequency and incontinence are challenging to eliminate. There is thus a continuous unmet need for new drugs with a substitution effect mechanism. Objective It not known whether vitamin D deficiency can lead to overactive bladder or urinary incontinence or whether vitamin D supplementation alleviates bladder symptoms. This comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether overactive bladder is associated with vitamin D deficiency. Data Sources The PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically up to July 3, 2022. Data Extraction Initially, 706 articles were identified in the literature search, of which 13 were included in the systematic review: 4 randomized controlled trials, 3 cohort studies, 3 cross-sectional studies, and 3 case-control studies. Data Analysis An increased risk of overactive bladder and urinary incontinence was observed with vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio [OR] = 4.46; 95%CI, 1.03–19.33; P = 0.046 and OR = 1.30; 95%CI, 1.01–1.66; P = 0.036, respectively). Vitamin D levels were relatively low in patients with overactive bladder or urinary incontinence (SMD = −0.33; 95%CI, −0.61 to −0.06, P = 0.019). On the basis of existing data, the risk of urinary incontinence was reduced by 66% after vitamin D supplementation (OR = 0.34; 95%CI, 0.18–0.66; P = 0.001). Egger test was conducted to assess publication bias, and the results were tested for robustness using a sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of overactive bladder and urinary incontinence, and vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of urinary incontinence. The development of new strategies to prevent or alleviate bladder symptoms is crucial. Vitamin D supplementation may be gaining recognition as an effective strategy for prevention or alleviation of bladder symptoms such as overactive bladder and incontinence. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022351443.

Funder

Department of Urology of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Nutrition and Dietetics,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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