Nutritional strategies to modulate inflammation pathways via regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ

Abstract

Abstract The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ has an important role in multiple inflammatory conditions, including obesity, hypertension, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and autoimmune diseases. PPARβ/δ forms a heterodimer with the retinoic acid receptor and binds to peroxisome proliferator response elements to initiate transcription of its target genes. PPARβ/δ is also able to suppress the activities of several transcription factors, including nuclear factor κB, and activator protein 1, thus regulating anti-inflammatory cellular responses and playing a protective role in several diseases. Recent studies have shown that nutritional compounds, including nutrients and bioactive compounds, can regulate PPARβ/δ expression. This review discusses key nutritional compounds that are known to modulate PPARβ/δ and are likely to affect human health.