Relation between Timing of High-Dose Vitamin A Supplementation and Modified-Relative-Dose–Response Values in Children 12–23 Months in Uganda

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background High-dose vitamin A (VA) supplements (VAS) can temporarily affect VA status. Hence, micronutrient surveys might need to be timed around VAS campaigns to accurately estimate VA deficiency (VAD) prevalence. Little is known about optimal timing of micronutrient surveys when the modified-relative-dose–response (MRDR) is used as a VA indicator. Objectives We evaluated the association between days since the end of a VAS campaign and MRDR values in children aged 12–23 mo in Uganda. Methods We pooled data from 2 cross-sectional, population-based surveys in eastern Uganda conducted in 2015−2016 (n = 118 children). We estimated the prevalence of VAD (MRDR ≥0.060). Days since the end of a VAS campaign (“days since VAS”) was calculated as the interview date minus the end date of the VAS campaign. The MRDR value was assessed using HPLC. We excluded children whose MRDR values were below the limit of detection (<0.007). We used linear regression to evaluate the association between days since VAS and log-transformed MRDR. In adjusted analyses, we controlled for potential confounders. Statistical analyses accounted for the surveys’ complex design. Results The prevalence of VAD was 5.2% (95% CI: 1.1%, 9.3%). Mean days since VAS was 54.1 d (range 39−68 d). Days since VAS was not associated with log-transformed MRDR in unadjusted analyses ($\hat{\beta } = \ $0.0055; 95% CI: −0.009, 0.020; P = 0.45) or adjusted analyses ($\hat{\beta } = $ −0.0073; 95% CI: −0.024, 0.010; P = 0.39). Conclusions MRDR measurement through a nutrition survey began as early as 1.3 mo after the end of a VAS campaign in eastern Uganda. Days since the end of a VAS campaign was not associated with MRDR in Ugandan children aged 12–23 mo. Future studies should consider longitudinal designs and evaluate time since VAS and MRDR in children of different ages and in regions with higher VAD prevalence.