A scoping review of ejaculatory dysfunction due to surgical treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia: limitations of available tools for assessment and reporting

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Clinicians primarily focus on the presence or absence of anterograde ejaculation following surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Failing to assess dysfunctional ejaculation and associated bother in a granular fashion can underestimate the prevalence and significance of ejaculatory dysfunction in this population. Objectives This scoping review provides critical appraisal of existing tools assessing ejaculatory function and associated bother, emphasizing the importance of adequate history-taking, preoperative counseling, and supplemental questions that should be used prior to and after treatment. Methods A literature review was conducted using pertinent keywords from 1946 to June 2022. Eligibility criteria included men developing ejaculatory dysfunction following BPH surgery. Measured outcomes included the assessment of patient bother related to ejaculatory function, pre- and postoperative scores from the Male Sexual Health Questionnaire (MSHQ). and Danish Prostate Symptom sexual function domain (DAN-PSSsex). Results Results of this study included only 10 documented patients’ bother due to ejaculatory dysfunction following treatment. Pre- and postoperative MSHQ were used as the diagnostic tool in 43/49 studies, one study documented “preservation of anterograde ejaculation”, and one used DAN-PSSsex. Q1–4 of the MSHQ were used in 33/43 studies, 3/43 used Q1, 3, 5–7, 1/43 used solely Q4, 1/43 used Q1–3 + Q6 and Q7, and 5/43 used the entire MSHQ. No studies used post-ejaculation urinalysis to diagnose retrograde ejaculation. Only four studies explicitly documented bother and found 25–35% of patients were bothered with a “lack of ejaculate” or “other ejaculation difficulties” during sexual activity after BPH surgery. Conclusions There are currently no studies stratifying patient bother by various components of ejaculation (force, volume, consistency, sensation of seminal expulsion, painful ejaculation, etc.) after BPH surgery. Opportunities for improvement exist in reporting ejaculatory dysfunction related to BPH treatment. A comprehensive sexual health history is needed. Further investigation into effects of BPH surgical treatments on specific characteristics of the patient’s experience of ejaculation is required.