Changes in Job Quality as People Work Beyond Pensionable Age in Sweden

Author:

Sacco Lawrence B1ORCID,Cahill Kevin E2,Westerlund Hugo1,Platts Loretta G1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

2. Center on Aging and Work at Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA

Abstract

Abstract Large numbers of people remain in paid work after pensionable age, often in bridge jobs or with reduced working hours. Remarkably, knowledge about the quality of these jobs relative to those taken prior to pension eligibility is very limited. In this paper, we examined changes in job quality among workers in their sixties in the context of contemporaneous changes in work intensity and employment characteristics. This study is based on data from the biennial Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH, 2006–2018, n = 1890–3013). Job quality outcomes were physical (dangerous, strenuous or unpleasant work) and psychosocial (job strain, effort-reward imbalance, work time control) working conditions and job satisfaction. First difference estimation was used to observe within-individual wave-to-wave changes in job quality over ages 61/62–69/70. Changes in working hours, employment characteristics (shifting to a non-permanent contract, the private sector and self-employment) and health were included as covariates. The typical individual who worked beyond pensionable age experienced statistically significant improvements in job quality. Improvements in psychosocial working conditions and job satisfaction were larger for those who reduced working hours and shifted from permanent to non-permanent contracts, from the public into the private sector and from wage-and-salary to self-employment. Work beyond pensionable age is a distinctive period, characterized by employment that becomes more flexible and rewarding and less stressful. These improvements are a function of older individuals’ preferences and ability to work fewer hours and transition to new lines of work.

Funder

Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare

Kamprad Family Foundation

Riksbankens Jubileumsfond

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Life-span and Life-course Studies,Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management,Geriatrics and Gerontology,Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous),Sociology and Political Science,Industrial relations

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