1. Department of Nephrology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Nagoya, Japan
2. Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka, Japan
3. Renal Data Registry Committee , Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy, Tokyo, Japan
4. Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
5. Yabuki Hospital , Fukushima, Japan