Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in adults and children-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in adults and children

Published:2022-09-10 Issue:4 Volume:146 Page:1648-1661
ISSN:0006-8950
Container-title:Brain
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Cho Sung-Min¹²^ORCID,White Nicole³^ORCID,Premraj Lavienraj⁴⁵,Battaglini Denise⁶⁷,Fanning Jonathon⁵⁸,Suen Jacky⁵⁸,Bassi Gianluigi Li³⁵⁸⁹,Fraser John³⁵⁸¹⁰,Robba Chiara⁶^ORCID,Griffee Matthew¹¹,Singh Bhagteshwar¹²¹³¹⁴,Citarella ;?>Barbara Wanjiru²,Merson Laura²,Solomon Tom¹⁵¹⁶¹⁷,Thomson David¹⁸¹⁹,Abbas Ali,Abdulkadir Nurul Najmee,Abe Ryuzo,Abel Laurent,Absil Lara,Acharya Subhash,Acker Andrew,Adrião Diana,Ageel Saleh Al,Ahmed Shakeel,Ainscough Kate,Aisa Tharwat,Hssain Ali Ait,Tamlihat Younes Ait,Akimoto Takako,Akmal Ernita,Alalqam Razi,Al-dabbous Tala,Alegesan Senthilkumar,Alegre Cynthia,Alex Beatrice,Alexandre Kévin,Al-Fares Abdulrahman,Alfoudri Huda,Ali Imran,Shah Naseem Ali,Alidjnou Kazali Enagnon,Aliudin Jeffrey,Alkhafajee Qabas,Allavena Clotilde,Allou Nathalie,Altaf Aneela,Alves João,Alves Rita,Alves João Melo,Amaral Maria,Amira Nur,Ampaw Phoebe,Andini Roberto,Andrejak Claire,Angheben Andrea,Angoulvant François,Ansart Séverine,Anthonidass Sivanesen,Antonelli Massimo,Brito Carlos Alexandre Antunes de,Apriyana Ardiyan,Aragao Irene,Arancibia Francisco,Araujo Carolline,Arcadipane Antonio,Archambault Patrick,Arenz Lukas,Arlet Jean-Benoît,Arnold-Day Christel,Arora Lovkesh,Arora Rakesh,Artaud-Macari Elise,Aryal Diptesh,Asensio Angel,Ashraf Muhammad,Asif Namra,Asim Mohammad,Assie Jean Baptiste,Asyraf Amirul,Atique Anika,Attanyake AM Udara Lakshan,Auchabie Johann,Aumaitre Hugues,Auvet Adrien,Azemar Laurène,Azoulay Cecile,Bach Benjamin,Bachelet Delphine,Badr Claudine,Baig Nadia,Baillie J Kenneth,Bak Erica,Bakakos Agamemnon,Bakar Nazreen Abu,Bal Andriy,Balakrishnan Mohanaprasanth,Balan Valeria,Bani-Sadr Firouzé,Barbalho Renata,Barclay Wendy S,Barnett Saef Umar,Barnikel Michaela,Barrelet Audrey,Barrigoto Cleide,Bartoli Marie,Baruch Joaquín,Basmaci Romain,Basri Muhammad Fadhli Hassin,Battaglini Denise,Bauer Jules,Rincon Diego Fernando Bautista,Beane Abigail,Bedossa Alexandra,Bee Ker Hong,Begum Husna,Behilill Sylvie,Beishuizen Albertus,Beljantsev Aleksandr,Bellemare David,Beltrame Anna,Beluze Marine,Benech Nicolas,Benjiman Lionel Eric,Benkerrou Dehbia,Bennett Suzanne,Bento Luís,Berdal Jan-Erik,Bergeaud Delphine,Bergin Hazel,Sobrino José Luis Bernal,Bertoli Giulia,Bertolino Lorenzo,Bessis Simon,Bevilcaqua Sybille,Bezulier Karine,Bhatt Amar,Bhavsar Krishna,Bianco Claudia,Bidin Farah Nadiah,Singh Moirangthem Bikram,Kamarudin Mohd Nazlin Bin,Bissuel François,Bitker Laurent,Bitton Jonathan,Blanco-Schweizer Pablo,Blier Catherine,Bloos Frank,Blot Mathieu,Boccia Filomena,Bodenes Laetitia,Bogaarts Alice,Bogaert Debby,Boivin Anne-Hélène,Bolze Pierre-Adrien,Bompart François,Borges Diogo,Borie Raphaël,Bosse Hans Martin,Botelho-Nevers Elisabeth,Bouadma Lila,Bouchaud Olivier,Bouchez Sabelline,Bouhmani Dounia,Bouhour Damien,Bouiller Kévin,Bouillet Laurence,Bouisse Camile,Boureau Anne-Sophie,Bourke John,Bouscambert Maude,Bousquet Aurore,Bouziotis Jason,Boxma Bianca,Boyer-Besseyre Marielle,Boylan Maria,Bozza Fernando Augusto,Braconnier Axelle,Braga Cynthia,Brandenburger Timo,Monteiro Filipa Brás,Brazzi Luca,Breen Patrick,Breen Dorothy,Breen Patrick,Brickell Kathy,Browne Shaunagh,Brozzi Nicolas,Brusse-Keizer Marjolein,Buchtele Nina,Buesaquillo Christian,Buisson Marielle,Burhan Erlina,Burrell Aidan,Bustos Ingrid G,Cabie André,Cabral Susana,Caceres Eder,Cadoz Cyril,Calvache Jose Andres,Camões João,Campana Valentine,Campbell Paul,Canepa Cecilia,Cantero Mireia,Caraux-Paz Pauline,Cárcel Sheila,Cardellino Chiara Simona,Cardoso Sofia,Cardoso Filipe,Cardoso Filipa,Cardoso Nelson,Carelli Simone,Carlier Nicolas,Carmoi Thierry,Carney Gayle,Carqueja Inês,Carret Marie-Christine,Carrier François Martin,Carroll Ida,Carson Gail,Casanova Maire-Laure,Cascão Mariana,Casey Siobhan,Casimiro José,Cassandra Bailey,Castañeda Silvia,Castanheira Nidyanara,Castor-Alexandre Guylaine,Castrillón Henry,Castro Ivo,Catarino Ana,Catherine François-Xavier,Cattaneo Paolo,Cavalin Roberta,Cavalli Giulio Giovanni,Cavayas Alexandros,Cervantes-Gonzalez Minerva,Chair Anissa,Chakveatze Catherine,Chan Adrienne,Chand Meera,Auger Christelle Chantalat,Chapplain Jean-Marc,Chas Julie,Chaudry Mobin,Iñiguez Jonathan Samuel Chávez,Chen Anjellica,Chen Yih-Sharng,Cheng Matthew Pellan,Cheret Antoine,Chiarabini Thibault,Chica Julian,Chidambaram Suresh Kumar,Tho Leong Chin,Chirouze Catherine,Chiumello Davide,Cholley Bernard,Chopin Marie-Charlotte,Chow Ting Soo,Chua Hiu Jian,Chua Jonathan,Cidade Jose Pedro,Herreros José Miguel Cisneros,Citarella Barbara Wanjiru,Ciullo Anna,Clarke Jennifer,Clarke Emma,Clohisey Sara,Cobb Perren J,Codan Cassidy,Cody Caitriona,Coelho Alexandra,Coles Megan,Colin Gwenhaël,Collins Michael,Colombo Sebastiano Maria,Combs Pamela,Connor Marie,Conrad Anne,Contreras Sofía,Conway Elaine,Cooke Graham S,Copland Mary,Cordel Hugues,Corley Amanda,Cornelis Sabine,Cornet Alexander Daniel,Corpuz Arianne Joy,Corvaisier Grégory,Costigan Emma,Couffignal Camille,Couffin-Cadiergues Sandrine,Courtois Roxane,Cousse Stéphanie,Cregan Rachel,Croonen Sabine,Crowl Gloria,Crump Jonathan,Cruz Claudina,Berm Juan Luis Cruz,Rojo Jaime Cruz,Csete Marc,Cullen Ailbhe,Cummings Matthew,Curley Gerard,Curlier Elodie,Curran Colleen,Custodio Paula,Filipe Ana da Silva,Silveira Charlene Da,Dabaliz Al-Awwab,Dagens Andrew,Dahly Darren,Dalton Heidi,Dalton Jo,Daly Seamus,Daneman Nick,Daniel Corinne,Dankwa Emmanuelle A,Dantas Jorge,D'Aragon Frédérick,Loughry Gillian de,Montmollin Etienne De,França Rafael Freitas de Oliveira,Oliveira Ana Isabel de Pinho,Rosa Rosanna De,Silva Thushan de,Vries Peter de,Deacon Jillian,Dean David,Debard Alexa,DeBenedictis Bianca,Debray Marie-Pierre,DeCastro Nathalie,Dechert William,Deconninck Lauren,Decours Romain,Defous Eve,Delacroix Isabelle,Delaveuve Eric,Delavigne Karen,Delfos Nathalie M,Dell'Amore Andrea,Delmas Christelle,Delobel Pierre,Delsing Corine,Demonchy Elisa,Denis Emmanuelle,Deplanque Dominique,Depuydt Pieter,Desai Mehul,Descamps Diane,Desvallées Mathilde,Dewayanti Santi,Diallo Alpha,Diamantis Sylvain,Dias André,Diaz Juan Jose,Diaz Priscila,Diaz Rodrigo,Didier Kévin,Diehl Jean-Luc,Dieperink Wim,Dimet Jérôme,Dinot Vincent,Diop Fara,Diouf Alphonsine,Dishon Yael,Djossou Félix,Docherty Annemarie B,Doherty Helen,Dondorp Arjen M,Donnelly Maria,Donnelly Christl A,Donohue Sean,Donohue Yoann,Donohue Chloe,Doran Peter,Dorival Céline,D'Ortenzio Eric,Douglas James Joshua,Dournon Nathalie,Downer Triona,Downey Joanne,Downing Mark,Drake Tom,Driscoll Aoife,Fonseca Claudio Duarte,Dubee Vincent,Dubos François,Ducancelle Alexandre,Duculan Toni,Dudman Susanne,Dunand Paul,Dunning Jake,Duplaix Mathilde,Durante-Mangoni Emanuele,III Lucian Durham,Dussol Bertrand,Duthoit Juliette,Duval Xavier,Dyrhol-Riise Anne Margarita,Ean Sim Choon,Echeverria-Villalobos Marco,Egan Siobhan,Eira Carla,Sanharawi Mohammed El,Elapavaluru Subbarao,Elharrar Brigitte,Ellerbroek Jacobien,Eloy Philippine,Elshazly Tarek,Enderle Isabelle,Eng Chan Chee,Engelmann Ilka,Enouf Vincent,Epaulard Olivier,Escher Martina,Esperatti Mariano,Esperou Hélène,Esposito-Farese Marina,Estevão João,Etienne Manuel,Ettalhaoui Nadia,Everding Anna Greti,Evers Mirjam,Fabre Marc,Fabre Isabelle,Faheem Amna,Fahy Arabella,Fairfield Cameron J,Fareed Komal,Faria Pedro,Farooq Ahmed,Fateena Hanan,Fatoni Arie Zainul,Faure Karine,Favory Raphaël,Fayed Mohamed,Feely Niamh,Feeney Laura,Fernandes Jorge,Fernandes Marília Andreia,Fernandes Susana,Ferrand François-Xavier,Devouge Eglantine Ferrand,Ferrão Joana,Ferraz Mário,Ferreira Sílvia,Ferreira Benigno,Ferrer-Roca Ricard,Ferriere Nicolas,Ficko Céline,Figueiredo-Mello Claudia,Fiorda Juan,Flament Thomas,Flateau Clara,Fletcher Tom,Florio Letizia Lucia,Flynn Deirdre,Foley Claire,Foley Jean,Fonseca Tatiana,Fontela Patricia,Forsyth Simon,Foster Denise,Foti Giuseppe,Fourn Erwan,Fowler Robert A,Fraher Marianne,Franch-Llasat Diego,Fraser John F,Fraser Christophe,Freire Marcela Vieira,Ribeiro Ana Freitas,Fritz Ricardo,Fry Stéphanie,Fuentes Nora,Fukuda Masahiro,Gaborieau Valérie,Gaci Rostane,Gagliardi Massimo,Gagnard Jean-Charles,Gagneux-Brunon Amandine,Gaião Sérgio,Skeie Linda Gail,Gallagher Phil,Gamble Carrol,Gani Yasmin,Garan Arthur,Garcia Rebekha,Barrio Noelia García,Garcia-Gallo Esteban,Garot Denis,Garrait Valérie,Gauli Basanta,Gault Nathalie,Gavin Aisling,Gavrylov Anatoliy,Gaymard Alexandre,Gebauer Johannes,Geraud Eva,Morlaes Louis Gerbaud,Germano Nuno,Ghosn Jade,Giani Marco,Gibson Jess,Gigante Tristan,Gilg Morgane,Gilroy Elaine,Giordano Guillermo,Girvan Michelle,Gissot Valérie,Glikman Daniel,Gnall Eric,Goco Geraldine,Goehringer François,Goepel Siri,Goffard Jean-Christophe,Goh Jin Yi,Golob Jonathan,Gómez-Junyent Joan,Gominet Marie,Gonçalves Bronner P,Gonzalez Alicia,Gordon Patricia,Gorenne Isabelle,Goubert Laure,Goujard Cécile,Goulenok Tiphaine,Grable Margarite,Graf Jeronimo,Grandin Edward Wilson,Granier Pascal,Grasselli Giacomo,Green Christopher A,Greene Courtney,Greenhalf William,Greffe Segolène,Grieco Domenico Luca,Griffee Matthew,Griffiths Fiona,Grigoras Ioana,Groenendijk Albert,Lordemann Anja Grosse,Gruner Heidi,Gu Yusing,Guedj Jérémie,Guego Martin,Guellec Dewi,Guerguerian Anne-Marie,Guerreiro Daniela,Guery Romain,Guillaumot Anne,Guilleminault Laurent,Castro Maisa Guimarães de,Guimard Thomas,Haalboom Marieke,Haber Daniel,Habraken Hannah,Hachemi Ali,Hadri Nadir,Haidash Olena,Haidri Fakhir,Hakak Sheeba,Hall Adam,Hall Matthew,Halpin Sophie,Hameed Jawad,Hamer Ansley,Hamidfar Rebecca,Hammond Terese,Han Lim Yuen,Haniffa Rashan,Hao Kok Wei,Hardwick Hayley,Harrison Samuel Bernard Ekow,Harrison Ewen M,Harrison Janet,Hashmi Junaid,Hashmi Madiha,Hayat Muhammad,Hayes Ailbhe,Hays Leanne,Heerman Jan,Heggelund Lars,Hendry Ross,Hennessy Martina,Henriquez-Trujillo Aquiles,Hentzien Maxime,Hernandez-Montfort Jaime,Hershey Andrew,Hesstvedt Liv,Hidayah Astarini,Higgins Eibhilin,Higgins Dawn,Hinchion Rita,Hinton Samuel,Hiraiwa Hiroaki,Hitoto Hikombo,Ho Yi Bin,Ho Antonia,Hoctin Alexandre,Hoffmann Isabelle,Hoh Wei Han,Hoiting Oscar,Holt Rebecca,Holter Jan Cato,Horby Peter,Horcajada Juan Pablo,Hoshino Koji,Houas Ikram,Hough Catherine L,Hsu Jimmy Ming-Yang,Hulot Jean-Sébastien,Hussain Iqbal,Ijaz Samreen,Illes Hajnal-Gabriela,Imbert Patrick,Imran Mohammad,Sikander Rana Imran,Imtiaz Aftab,Inácio Hugo,Dominguez Carmen Infante,Ing Yun Sii,Iosifidis Elias,Isgett Sarah,Isidoro Tiago,Ismail Nadiah,Isnard Margaux,Itai Junji,Ivulich Daniel,Jaafar Danielle,Jaafoura Salma,Jabot Julien,Jackson Clare,Jamieson Nina,Jaquet Pierre,Jaud-Fischer Coline,Jaureguiberry Stéphane,Jego Florence,Jelani Anilawati Mat,Jenum Synne,Jimbo-Sotomayor Ruth,Joe Ong Yiaw,García Ruth N Jorge,Joseph Cédric,Joseph Mark,Joshi Swosti,Jourdain Mercé,Jouvet Philippe,Jung Anna,Juzar Dafsah,Kafif Ouifiya,Kaguelidou Florentia,Kaisbain Neerusha,Kaleesvran Thavamany,Kali Sabina,Kalomoiri Smaragdi,Kamaluddin Muhammad Aisar Ayadi,Kamaruddin Zul Amali Che,Kamarudin Nadiah,Kandamby Darshana Hewa,Kandel Chris,Kang Kong Yeow,Kant Ravi,Kanwal Darakhshan,Karpayah Pratap,Kartsonaki Christiana,Kasugai Daisuke,Kataria Anant,Katz Kevin,Johal Simreen Kaur,Kay Christy,Keane Hannah,Keating Seán,Kelly Claire,Kelly Yvelynne,Kelly Andrea,Kelly Niamh,Kelly Aoife,Kelly Sadie,Kelsey Maeve,Kennedy Ryan,Kennon Kalynn,Kernan Maeve,Kerroumi Younes,Keshav Sharma,Khalid Imrana,Khalid Osama,Khalil Antoine,Khan Coralie,Khan Irfan,Khan Quratul Ain,Khanal Sushil,Khatak Abid,Khawaja Amin,Kho Michelle E,Khoo Ryan,Khoo Denisa,Khoo Saye,Khoso Nasir,Kiat Khor How,Kida Yuri,Kiiza Peter,Kildal Anders Benjamin,Kimmoun Antoine,Kindgen-Milles Detlef,Kitamura Nobuya,Klenerman Paul,Klont Rob,Bekken Gry Kloumann,Knight Stephen R,Kobbe Robin,Kodippily Chamira,Vasconcelos Malte Kohns,Koirala Sabin,Korten ISARIC Collaborator,Kosgei Caroline,Kpangon Arsène,Krawczyk Karolina,Krishnan Vinothini,Kruglova Oksana,Kumar Deepali,Kumar Ganesh,Kumar Mukesh,Vecham Pavan Kumar,Kuriakose Dinesh,Kurtzman Ethan,Kutsogiannis Demetrios,Kutsyna Galyna,Kyriakoulis Konstantinos,Lachatre Marie,Lacoste Marie,Laffey John G,Lagrange Marie,Laine Fabrice,Lairez Olivier,Lalueza Antonio,Lambert Marc,Lamontagne François,Langelot-Richard Marie,Langlois Vincent,Lantang Eka Yudha,Lanza Marina,Laouénan Cédric,Laribi Samira,Lariviere Delphine,Lasry Stéphane,Latif Naveed,Launay Odile,Laureillard Didier,Lavie-Badie Yoan,Law Andy,Lawrence Teresa,Lawrence Cassie,Le Minh,Bihan Clément Le,Bris Cyril Le,Falher Georges Le,Fevre Lucie Le,Hingrat Quentin Le,Maréchal Marion Le,Mestre Soizic Le,Moal Gwenaël Le,Moing Vincent Le,Nagard Hervé Le,Turnier Paul Le,Leal Ema,Santos Marta Leal,Lee Todd C,Lee Heng Gee,Lee Biing Horng,Lee Yi Lin,Lee Su Hwan,Lee James,Leeming Gary,Lefebvre Laurent,Lefebvre Bénédicte,Lefevre Benjamin,LeGac Sylvie,Lelievre Jean-Daniel,Lellouche François,Lemaignen Adrien,Lemee Véronique,Lemeur Anthony,Lemmink Gretchen,Lene Ha Sha,Lennon Jenny,León Rafael,Leone Marc,Leone Michela,Lepiller Quentin,Lescure François-Xavier,Lesens Olivier,Lesouhaitier Mathieu,Lester-Grant Amy,Levy Yves,Levy Bruno,Levy-Marchal Claire,L'Her Erwan,Bassi Gianluigi Li,Liaquat Ali,Liegeon Geoffrey,Lim Kah Chuan,Lim Wei Shen,Lima Chantre,Lina Lim,Lina Bruno,Lind Andreas,Lingas Guillaume,Lion-Daolio Sylvie,Lissauer Samantha,Liu Keibun,Livrozet Marine,Lizotte Patricia,Loforte Antonio,Lolong Navy,Loon Leong Chee,Lopes Diogo,Loschner Anthony L,Loubet Paul,Loufti Bouchra,Louis Guillame,Lourenco Silvia,Low Lee Lee,Lowik Marije,Loy Jia Shyi,Lucet Jean Christophe,Bermejo Carlos Lumbreras,Luna Carlos M,Lungu Olguta,Luong Liem,Luque Nestor,Luton Dominique,Lwin Nilar,Lyons Ruth,Maasikas Olavi,Mabiala Oryane,Machado Moïse,Macheda Gabriel,Calle Guillermo Maestro de la,Mahieu Rafael,Mahy Sophie,Maia Ana Raquel,Maier Lars S,Maillet Mylène,Maitre Thomas,Malfertheiner Maximilian,Malik Nadia,Mallon Paddy,Maltez Fernando,Malvy Denis,Manda Victoria,Mandelbrot Laurent,Mankikian Julie,Manning Edmund,Manuel Aldric,Malaque Ceila Maria Sant`Ana,Marino Flávio,Marino Daniel,Markowicz Samuel,Marques Ana,Marquis Catherine,Marsh Brian,Marsh Laura,Marshal Megan,Marshall John,Martelli Celina Turchi,Martin Emily,Martin-Blondel Guillaume,Martin-Loeches Ignacio,Martinot Martin,Martins João,Martins Ana,Martins Nuno,Rego Caroline Martins,Martucci Gennaro,Martynenko Olga,Marwali Eva Miranda,Marzukie Marsilla,Maslove David,Mason Sabina,Masood Sobia,Nor Basri Mat,Matan Moshe,Mathew Meghena,Mathieu Daniel,Mattei Mathieu,Matulevics Romans,Maulin Laurence,Maxwell Michael,Mazzoni Thierry,Evoy Natalie Mc,Sweeney Lisa Mc,McArthur Colin,McArthur Colin,McCarthy Anne,McCarthy Aine,McCloskey Colin,McConnochie Rachael,McDermott Sherry,McDonald Sarah E,McElroy Aine,McElwee Samuel,McEneany Victoria,McGeer Allison,McKay Chris,McKeown Johnny,McLean Kenneth A,McNally Paul,McNicholas Bairbre,McPartlan Elaine,Meaney Edel,Mear-Passard Cécile,Mechlin Maggie,Meher Maqsood,Mele Ferruccio,Melo Luis,Mendes Joao Joao,Menkiti Ogechukwu,Menon Kusum,Mentré France,Mentzer Alexander J,Mercier Noémie,Mercier Emmanuelle,Merckx Antoine,Mergeay-Fabre Mayka,Mergler Blake,Merson Laura,Mesquita António,Metwally Osama,Meybeck Agnès,Meyer Dan,Meynert Alison M,Meysonnier Vanina,Meziane Amina,Mezidi Mehdi,Michelanglei Céline,Michelet Isabelle,Mihnovit Vladislav,Miranda-Maldonado Hugo,Misnan Nor Arisah,Mohamed Tahira Jamal,Mohamed Nik Nur Eliza,Moin Asma,Molina David,Molinos Elena,Molloy Brenda,Mone Mary,Monteiro Agostinho,Montes Claudia,Montrucchio Giorgia,Moore Shona C,Moore Sarah,Cely Lina Morales,Moro Lucia,Morton Ben,Motherway Catherine,Motos Ana,Mouquet Hugo,Perrot Clara Mouton,Moyet Julien,Mufti Aisha Kalsoom,Muh Ng Yong,Muhamad Dzawani,Mullaert Jimmy,Müller Fredrik,Müller Karl Erik,Muneeb Syed,Munir Nadeem,Murphy Aisling,Murphy Lorna,Murphy Aisling,Murris Marlène,Murthy Srinivas,Musaab Himed,Muvindi Himasha,Muyandy Gugapriyaa,Myrodia Dimitra Melia,Mohd-Hanafiah Farah Nadia,Nagpal Dave,Nagrebetsky Alex,Narayanan Nageswaran,Khan Rashid Nasim,Neant Nadège,Neto Raul,Neumann Emily,Ng Pauline Yeung,Ng Wing Yiu,Nghi Anthony,Nguyen Duc,Choileain Orna Ni,Leathlobhair Niamh Ni,Nichol Alistair,Nitayavardhana Prompak,Noordin Nurul Amani Mohd,Noret Marion,Norharizam Nurul Faten Izzati,Norman Lisa,Noursadeghi Mahdad,Nowicka Karolina,Nseir Saad,Nunez Jose I,Nurnaningsih Nurnaningsih,Nyamankolly Elsa,Brien Fionnuala O,Callaghan Annmarie O,O'Callaghan Annmarie,Occhipinti Giovanna,OConnor Derbrenn,O'Donnell Max,Ogston Tawnya,Ogura Takayuki,O'Halloran Sophie,O'Hearn Katie,Ohshimo Shinichiro,Oldakowska Agnieszka,Oliveira João,Oliveira Larissa,Olliaro Piero L,Ong David SY,Ong Jee Yan,Oosthuyzen Wilna,Opavsky Anne,Openshaw Peter,Orakzai Saijad,Orozco-Chamorro Claudia Milena,Ortoleva Jamel,Osatnik Javier,O'Shea Linda,O'Sullivan Miriam,Othman Siti Zubaidah,Ouamara Nadia,Ouissa Rachida,Oziol Eric,Pagadoy Maïder,Pages Justine,Palacios Mario,Palacios Amanda,Palmarini Massimo,Panarello Giovanna,Panda Prasan Kumar,Paneru Hem,Pang Lai Hui,Panigada Mauro,Pansu Nathalie,Papadopoulos Aurélie,Parke Rachael,Parker Melissa,Parra Briseida,Pasha Taha,Pasquier Jérémie,Pastene Bruno,Patauner Fabian,Pathmanathan Mohan Dass,Patrão Luís,Patricio Patricia,Patrier Juliette,Patterson Lisa,Pattnaik Rajyabardhan,Paul Mical,Paul Christelle,Paulos Jorge,Paxton William A,Payen Jean-François,Peariasamy Kalaiarasu,Jiménez Miguel Pedrera,Peelman Florent,Peiffer-Smadja Nathan,Peigne Vincent,Pejkovska Mare,Pelosi Paolo,Peltan Ithan D,Pereira Rui,Perez Daniel,Periel Luis,Perpoint Thomas,Pesenti Antonio,Pestre Vincent,Petrou Lenka,Petrovic Michele,Petrov-Sanchez Ventzislava,Pettersen Frank Olav,Peytavin Gilles,Pharand Scott,Picard Walter,Picone Olivier,Pierobon Carola,Piersma Djura,Pimentel Carlos,Pinto Raquel,Pires Catarina,Pironneau Isabelle,Piroth Lionel,Pius Riinu,Plantier Laurent,Png Hon Shen,Poissy Julien,Pokeerbux Ryadh,Pokorska-Spiewak Maria,Poli Sergio,Pollakis Georgios,Ponscarme Diane,Popielska Jolanta,Post Andra-Maris,Postma Douwe F,Povoa Pedro,Póvoas Diana,Powis Jeff,Prapa Sofia,Preau Sébastien,Prebensen Christian,Preiser Jean-Charles,Prinssen Anton,Pritchard Mark G,Priyadarshani Gamage Dona Dilanthi,Proença Lucia,Pudota Sravya,Puéchal Oriane,Semedi Bambang Pujo,Pulicken Mathew,Purcell Gregory,Quesada Luisa,Quinones-Cardona Vilmaris,González Víctor Quirós,Quist-Paulsen Else,Quraishi Mohammed,Rabaud Christian,Rabindrarajan Ebenezer,Rafael Aldo,Rafiq Marie,Rahman Rozanah Abd,Rahman Ahmad Kashfi Haji Ab,Rahutullah Arsalan,Rainieri Fernando,Rajahram Giri Shan,Ramachandran Pratheema,Ramakrishnan Nagarajan,Ramli Ahmad Afiq,Rammaert Blandine,Ramos Grazielle Viana,Rana Asim,Ranjan Ritika,Rapp Christophe,Rashan Aasiyah,Rashan Thalha,Rasheed Ghulam,Rasmin Menaldi,Rätsep Indrek,Rau Cornelius,Ravi Tharmini,Raza Ali,Real Andre,Rebaudet Stanislas,Redl Sarah,Reeve Brenda,Rehman Attaur,Reid Liadain,Reid Liadain,Reikvam Dag Henrik,Reis Renato,Remppis Jonathan,Remy Martine,Ren Hongru,Renk Hanna,Resseguier Anne-Sophie,Revest Matthieu,Rewa Oleksa,Reyes Luis Felipe,Reyes Tiago,Ribeiro Maria Ines,Richardson David,Richardson Denise,Richier Laurent,Ridzuan Siti Nurul Atikah Ahmad,Riera Jordi,Rios Ana L,Rishu Asgar,Rispal Patrick,Risso Karine,Rizer Nicholas,Robba Chiara,Roberto André,Roberts Stephanie,Robertson David L,Robineau Olivier,Roche-Campo Ferran,Rodari Paola,Rodeia Simão,Roessler Bernhard,Roger Pierre-Marie,Roilides Emmanuel,Rojek Amanda,Romaru Juliette,Roncon-Albuquerque Roberto,Roriz Mélanie,Rosa-Calatrava Manuel,Rose Michael,Rosenberger Dorothea,Roslan Nurul Hidayah Mohammad,Rossanese Andrea,Rossetti Matteo,Rossignol Bénédicte,Rossignol Patrick,Rousset Stella,Roy Carine,Roze Benoît,Rusmawatiningtyas Desy,Russell Clark D,Ryan Maria,Ryan Maeve,Ryckaert Steffi,Ryckaert Mazankowski Heart Institute,Holten Aleksander Rygh,Saba Isabela,Sadaf Sairah,Sahraei Valla,Saint-Gilles Maximilien,Sakiyalak Pranya,Salahuddin Nawal,Salazar Leonardo,Saleem Jodat,Sales Gabriele,Sallaberry Stéphane,Gandonniere Charlotte Salmon,Salvator Hélène,Sanchez Olivier,Sanchez-Miralles Angel,Sancho-Shimizu Vanessa,Sandhu Gyan,Sandhu Zulfiqar,Sandrine Pierre-François,Sandulescu Oana,Santos Marlene,Sarfo-Mensah Shirley,Banheiro Bruno Sarmento,Sarton Benjamine,Satyapriya Sree,Satyawati Rumaisah,Saviciute Egle,Savvidou Parthena,Saw Yen Tsen,Schaffer Justin,Schermer Tjard,Scherpereel Arnaud,Schneider Marion,Schroll Stephan,Schwameis Michael,Scott Janet T,Scott-Brown James,Sedillot Nicholas,Seitz Tamara,Selvanayagam Jaganathan,Selvarajoo Mageswari,Semaille Caroline,Semple Malcolm G,Senian Rasidah Bt,Senneville Eric,Sepulveda Claudia,Sequeira Filipa,Sequeira Tânia,Neto Ary Serpa,Balazote Pablo Serrano,Shadowitz Ellen,Shahidan Syamin Asyraf,Shamsah Mohammad,Sharjeel Shaikh,Sharma Pratima,Shaw Catherine A,Shaw Victoria,Sheharyar Ashraf,Shi Haixia,Shiekh Mohiuddin,Shime Nobuaki,Shimizu Keiki,Shrapnel Sally,Shum Hoi Ping,Mohammed Nassima Si,Siang Ng Yong,Sibiude Jeanne,Siddiqui Atif,Sigfrid Louise,Sillaots Piret,Silva Catarina,Silva Rogério,Silva Maria Joao,Heng Benedict Sim Lim,Sin Wai Ching,Singh Punam,Singh Budha Charan,Sitompul Pompini Agustina,Sivam Karisha,Skogen Vegard,Smith Sue,Smood Benjamin,Smyth Coilin,Smyth Michelle,Smyth Michelle,Snacken Morgane,So Dominic,Soh Tze Vee,Solomon Joshua,Solomon Tom,Somers Emily,Sommet Agnès,Song Rima,Song Myung Jin,Song Tae,Chia Jack Song,Soom Azlan Mat,Sotto Alberto,Soum Edouard,Sousa Marta,Sousa Ana Chora,Uva Maria Sousa,Souza-Dantas Vicente,Sperry Alexandra,Darshana B P Sanka Ruwan Sri,Sriskandan Shiranee,Stabler Sarah,Staudinger Thomas,Stecher Stephanie-Susanne,Steinsvik Trude,Stienstra Ymkje,Stiksrud Birgitte,Stolz Eva,Stone Amy,Streinu-Cercel Adrian,Streinu-Cercel Anca,Strudwick Samantha,Stuart Ami,Stuart David,Suen Gabriel,Suen Jacky Y,Sultana Asfia,Summers Charlotte,Supic Dubravka,Suppiah Deepashankari,Surovcová Magdalena,Syahrin Sarah,Syrigos Konstantinos,Sztajnbok Jaques,Szuldrzynski Konstanty,Tabrizi Shirin,Taccone Fabio S,Tagherset Lysa,Taib Shahdattul Mawarni,Talarek Ewa,Taleb Sara,Talsma Jelmer,Tampubolon Maria Lawrensia,Tan Kim Keat,Tan Yan Chyi,Tanaka Taku,Taniguchi Hayato,Taqdees Huda,Taqi Arshad,Tardivon Coralie,Tattevin Pierre,Taufik M Azhari,Tawfik Hassan,Tedder Richard S,Tee Tze Yuan,Teixeira João,Tellier Marie-Capucine,Teoh Sze Kye,Teotonio Vanessa,Téoulé François,Terpstra Pleun,Terrier Olivier,Terzi Nicolas,Tessier-Grenier Hubert,Tey Adrian,Thabit Alif Adlan Mohd,Tham Zhang Duan,Thangavelu Suvintheran,Thibault Vincent,Thiberville Simon-Djamel,Thill Benoît,Thirumanickam Jananee,Thompson Shaun,Thomson David,Thomson Emma C,Thurai Surain Raaj Thanga,Thwaites Ryan S,Tierney Paul,Tieroshyn Vadim,Timsit Jean-François,Vijayaraghavan Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi,Tissot Noémie,Toh Jordan Zhien Yang,Toki Maria,Tonby Kristian,Tonnii Sia Loong,Torres Margarida,Torres Antoni,Torres-Zevallos Hernando,Towers Michael,Trapani Tony,Treoux Théo,Tromeur Cécile,Trontzas Ioannis,Trouillon Tiffany,Truong Jeanne,Tual Christelle,Tubiana Sarah,Tuite Helen,Turmel Jean-Marie,Turtle Lance C W,Tveita Anders,Twardowski Pawel,Uchiyama Makoto,Udayanga P G Ishara,Udy Andrew,Ullrich Roman,Uribe Alberto,Usman Asad,Uyeki Timothy M,Vajdovics Cristinava,Val-Flores Luís,Valran Amélie,Velde Stijn Van de,Berge Marcel van den,Feltz Machteld Van der,Palen Job van der,Valk Paul van der,Vekens Nicky Van Der,Voort Peter Van der,Werf Sylvie Van Der,Gulik Laura van,Hattem Jarne Van,Netten Carolien van,Veen Ilonka van,Vanel Noémie,Vanoverschelde Henk,Varghese Pooja,Vasudayan Shoban Raj,Vauchy Charline,Veeran Shaminee,Veislinger Aurélie,Vencken Sebastian,Ventura Sara,Verbon Annelies,Vickers James,Vidal José Ernesto,Vieira César,Vijayan Deepak,Villanueva Joy Ann,Villar Judit,Villeneuve Pierre-Marc,Villoldo Andrea,Visseaux Benoit,Visser Hannah,Vitiello Chiara,Vonkeman Harald,Vuotto Fanny,Wahab Suhaila Abdul,Wahid Nadirah Abdul,Shukeri Wan Fadzlina Wan Muhd,Wang Chih-Hsien,Webb Steve,Wei Jia,Weil Katharina,Wen Tan Pei,Wesselius Sanne,Wham Murray,Whelan Bryan,White Nicole,Wicky Paul Henri,Wiedemann Aurélie,Wijaya Surya Otto,Wille Keith,Willems Suzette,Williams Virginie,Wils Evert-Jan,Wong Calvin,Wong Xin Ci,Wong Yew Sing,Wong Teck Fung,Xian Gan Ee,Xian Lim Saio,Xuan Kuan Pei,Xynogalas Ioannis,Yakop Siti Rohani Binti Mohd,Yamazaki Masaki,Yazdanpanah Yazdan,Hing Nicholas Yee Liang,Yelnik Cécile,Yeoh Chian Hui,Yerkovich Stephanie,Yokoyama Toshiki,Yonis Hodane,Yousif Obada,Yuliarto Saptadi,Zaaqoq Akram,Zabbe Marion,Zahid Masliza,Zahran Maram,Zaidan Nor Zaila Binti,Zambon Maria,Zambrano Miguel,Zanella Alberto,Zawadka Konrad,Zaynah Nurul,Zayyad Hiba,Zoufaly Alexander,Zucman David,

Affiliation:

1. Neuroscience Critical Care Division, Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA

2. International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC), Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK

3. Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health & Social Work, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland , Australia

4. Griffith University School of Medicine , Gold Coast, Queensland , Australia

5. Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital , Brisbane, Queensland , Australia

6. San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, Department of Surgical Science and Integrated Diagnostic, University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy

7. Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain

8. Faculty of Medicine University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland , Australia

9. Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi I Sunyer , Barcelona , Spain

10. St Andrew's War Memorial Hospital, UnitingCare , Spring Hill, Queensland , Australia

11. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT , USA

12. National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK

13. Tropical and Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust , Liverpool , UK

14. Christian Medical College , Vellore , India

15. Brain Infections Group, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK

16. Department of Neuroscience, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK

17. Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust , Liverpool , UK

18. Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa

19. Division of General Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital , Cape Town , South Africa

Abstract

Abstract Different neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults and children and their impact have not been well characterized. We aimed to determine the prevalence of neurological manifestations and in-hospital complications among hospitalized COVID-19 patients and ascertain differences between adults and children. We conducted a prospective multicentre observational study using the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) cohort across 1507 sites worldwide from 30 January 2020 to 25 May 2021. Analyses of neurological manifestations and neurological complications considered unadjusted prevalence estimates for predefined patient subgroups, and adjusted estimates as a function of patient age and time of hospitalization using generalized linear models. Overall, 161 239 patients (158 267 adults; 2972 children) hospitalized with COVID-19 and assessed for neurological manifestations and complications were included. In adults and children, the most frequent neurological manifestations at admission were fatigue (adults: 37.4%; children: 20.4%), altered consciousness (20.9%; 6.8%), myalgia (16.9%; 7.6%), dysgeusia (7.4%; 1.9%), anosmia (6.0%; 2.2%) and seizure (1.1%; 5.2%). In adults, the most frequent in-hospital neurological complications were stroke (1.5%), seizure (1%) and CNS infection (0.2%). Each occurred more frequently in intensive care unit (ICU) than in non-ICU patients. In children, seizure was the only neurological complication to occur more frequently in ICU versus non-ICU (7.1% versus 2.3%, P < 0.001). Stroke prevalence increased with increasing age, while CNS infection and seizure steadily decreased with age. There was a dramatic decrease in stroke over time during the pandemic. Hypertension, chronic neurological disease and the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were associated with increased risk of stroke. Altered consciousness was associated with CNS infection, seizure and stroke. All in-hospital neurological complications were associated with increased odds of death. The likelihood of death rose with increasing age, especially after 25 years of age. In conclusion, adults and children have different neurological manifestations and in-hospital complications associated with COVID-19. Stroke risk increased with increasing age, while CNS infection and seizure risk decreased with age.

Funder

National Institute for Health Research

Medical Research Council

Health Protection Research Unit

Public Health England

Respiratory Infections

Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre

Biomedical Research Centre

UK Foreign

Commonwealth and Development Office and Wellcome

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

NHLBI