Heterografting enhances chrysanthemum resistance to Alternaria alternata via jasmonate-mediated increases in trichomes and terpenoids

Author:

Li Wenjie1ORCID,Zhan Qingling1,Guan Yunxiao2,Wang Likai1,Li Song1,Zheng Shanhu1,Ma Hongyu3,Liu Ye1,Ding Lian1ORCID,Zhao Shuang1,Wang Zhenxing1ORCID,Jiang Jiafu1ORCID,Fang Weimin1ORCID,Chen Fadi1ORCID,Chen Sumei1ORCID,Guan Zhiyong1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China

2. College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002 , China

3. College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China

Abstract

Abstract Trichomes are specialized hair-like structures in the epidermal cells of the above-ground parts of plants and help to protect them from pests and pathogens, and produce valuable metabolites. Chrysanthemum morifolium, which is used in tea products, has both ornamental and medicinal value; however, it is susceptible to infection by the fungus Alternaria alternata, which can result in substantial economic losses. Increasing the density of glandular trichomes enhances disease resistance and improves the production of medicinal metabolites in chrysanthemums, and jasmonate (JA) is known to promote the formation of trichomes in various plants. However, it remains unclear whether glandular trichomes in chrysanthemums are regulated by JA. In addition, grafting, a technique that can improve plant resistance to biotic stresses, has been poorly examined for its impact on glandular trichomes, terpenoids, and disease resistance. In this study, we demonstrate that grafting with Artemisia vulgaris rootstocks improves the resistance of chrysanthemum scions to A. alternata. Heterografted chrysanthemums exhibited higher trichome density and terpenoid content compared to self-grafted counterparts. Transcriptome analysis highlighted the significant role of CmJAZ1-like in disease resistance in heterografted chrysanthemums. Lines overexpressing CmJAZ1-like exhibited sensitivity to A. alternata, and this was characterized by reduced glandular trichome density and limited terpenoid content. Conversely, CmJAZ1-like silenced lines exhibited resistance to A. alternata and showed increased glandular trichome density and terpenoid content. Higher JA content was found in the heterografted chrysanthemum scions compared to self-grafted ones. Furthermore, we established that JA promoted the development of glandular trichomes and the synthesis of terpenoids while also inducing the degradation of CmJAZ1-like proteins in chrysanthemums. Our findings suggest that higher JA increases trichome density and terpenoid content, thereby enhancing resistance to A. alternata by regulating CmJAZ1-like in heterografted chrysanthemums.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Jiangsu Seed Industry Revitalization

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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