Microanatomy of the American Malaria Vector Anopheles aquasalis (Diptera: Culicidae: Anophelinae) Midgut: Ultrastructural and Histochemical Observations

Author:

Baia-da-Silva Djane C12,Orfanó Alessandra S3,Nacif-Pimenta Rafael3,de Melo Fabricio F4,Guerra Maria G V B12,Lacerda Marcus V G125,Monteiro Wuelton M12,Pimenta Paulo F P123

Affiliation:

1. Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Av. Pedro Teixeira, Dom Pedro, Manaus CEP, Manaus, AM, Brazil

2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Av. Pedro Teixeira, 25, Dom Pedro, Manaus CEP, Manaus, AM, Brazil

3. Instituto Leônidas and Maria Deane, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Manaus, Rua Terezina, Adrianópolis, CEP, Manaus, AM, Brazil

4. Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Hormindo Barros, Candeias, CEP, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil

5. Instituto de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Minas Gerais, Av. Augusto de Lima, Barro Preto, CEP, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

Abstract

Abstract The mosquito gut is divided into foregut, midgut, and hindgut. The midgut functions in storage and digestion of the bloodmeal. This study used light, scanning (SEM), and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy to analyze in detail the microanatomy and morphology of the midgut of nonblood-fed Anopheles aquasalis females. The midgut epithelium is a monolayer of columnar epithelial cells that is composed of two populations: microvillar epithelial cells and basal cells. The microvillar epithelial cells can be further subdivided into light and dark cells, based on their affinities to toluidine blue and their electron density. FITC-labeling of the anterior midgut and posterior midgut with lectins resulted in different fluorescence intensities, indicating differences in carbohydrate residues. SEM revealed a complex muscle network composed of circular and longitudinal fibers that surround the entire midgut. In summary, the use of a diverse set of morphological methods revealed the general microanatomy of the midgut and associated tissues of An. aquasalis, which is a major vector of Plasmodium spp. (Haemosporida: Plasmodiidae) in America.

Funder

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

National Institutes of Health

Foundation of the Institute Oswaldo Cruz

Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development

Coordination of Improvement of Higher Level Personnel

Strategic Programme for Supporting Health Research

Science Without Borders Programme

National Institutes of Science and Technology

Minas Gerais State Research Support Foundation

Federal University of Bahia

Amazonas State Research Support

CNPq

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Insect Science,General Veterinary,Parasitology

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