1. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
2. Unity Health Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
3. Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
4. ICES , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
5. Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
6. Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
7. Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
8. Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
9. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
10. Department of Ophthalmology, Kingston Health Science Centre, Queen’s University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
11. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery/Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
12. Division of General Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada