Remote Dispensing of Emergency Release Red Blood Cells

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Patients with acute bleeding are frequently transfused with emergency release (ER) group O RBCs. This practice has been reported to be safe with a low rate of acute hemolytic transfusion reactions (AHRs). Methods Records of patients who received ER RBCs over a 30-month period were examined at our hospitals. During this period, satellite refrigerators were on site in the emergency department (ED), which were electronically connected to the blood bank (electronically connected satellite refrigerator [ECSR]). Nurses accessing the refrigerator were required to give patient identification information, when known, prior to removal of the ER RBCs, allowing technologists the opportunity to check for previous serologic records and communicate directly with the ED if a serologic incompatibility was potentially present. Results In total, 935 patients were transfused with 1,847 units of ER RBCs. Thirty of these patients had a current (22/30) or historic (8/30) antibody. In 15 cases, incompatible RBCs were interdicted. In six cases, the transfusion was considered urgent, and an AHR occurred in four of these six (overall 0.4%), including one fatal AHR due to anti-KEL1. Conclusions Use of KEL1-negative RBCs and ECSR merits consideration as approaches to mitigate the occurrence of ER RBC-associated AHRs.