Concerning colour: The effect of environment on type Ia supernova colour in the dark energy survey

Author:

Kelsey L12ORCID,Sullivan M2ORCID,Wiseman P2ORCID,Armstrong P3ORCID,Chen R4ORCID,Brout D5,Davis T M6ORCID,Dixon M7,Frohmaier C12,Galbany L89,Graur O1,Kessler R1011,Lidman C312,Möller A7,Popovic B4,Rose B4,Scolnic D4ORCID,Smith M13,Vincenzi M4,Abbott T M C14,Aguena M15,Allam S16,Alves O1517,Annis J16,Bacon D1,Bertin E1819,Bocquet S20,Brooks D21,Burke D L2223,Carnero Rosell A152425,Carrasco Kind M2627,Carretero J28,Costanzi M293031,da Costa L N15,Pereira M E S32,Desai S33,Diehl H T16,Everett S34,Ferrero I35,Frieman J1116,García-Bellido J36,Gruen D20,Gruendl R A2627,Gschwend J1537,Gutierrez G16,Hinton S R6,Hollowood D L38,Honscheid K3940,James D J5,Kuehn K4142,Kuropatkin N16,Lewis G F43,Mena-Fernández J44,Miquel R2845,Palmese A46,Paz-Chinchón F2647,Pieres A1537,Plazas Malagón A A48,Raveri M49,Rodriguez-Monroy M44,Romer A K50,Sanchez E44,Scarpine V16,Schubnell M17,Sevilla-Noarbe I44,Suchyta E51,Swanson M E C52,Tarle G17,Tucker D L16,Weaverdyck N1753,

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK

2. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK

3. The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University , ACT 2601, Australia

4. Department of Physics, Duke University Durham , NC 27708, USA

5. Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

6. School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

7. Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology , VIC 3122, Australia

8. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona, Spain

9. Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC) , Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain

10. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago , IL 60637, USA

11. Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA

12. Centre for Gravitational Astrophysics, College of Science, The Australian National University , ACT 2601, Australia

13. Univ Lyon , Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IP2I Lyon / IN2P3, IMR 5822, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France

14. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile

15. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - 20921-400, Brazil

16. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , P. O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA

17. Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

18. CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris , F-75014 Paris, France

19. Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France

20. University Observatory, Faculty of Physics , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany

21. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK

22. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology , P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

23. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA

24. Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias , E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

25. Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica , E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

26. Center for Astrophysical Surveys, National Center for Supercomputing Applications , 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA

27. Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

28. Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain

29. Astronomy Unit, Department of Physics, University of Trieste , via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy

30. INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , via G. B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy

31. Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe , Via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, Italy

32. Hamburger Sternwarte , Universität Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany

33. Department of Physics , IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India

34. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA

35. Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics , University of Oslo. P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway

36. Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC , Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain

37. Observatório Nacional , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - 20921-400, Brazil

38. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA

39. Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics , The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

40. Department of Physics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210, USA

41. Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University , North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia

42. Lowell Observatory , 1400 Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA

43. Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics , A28, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia

44. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas , Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), E-28040 Madrid, Spain

45. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats , E-08010 Barcelona, Spain

46. Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, 501 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

47. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

48. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

49. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA

50. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex , Brighton BN1 9QH, UK

51. Computer Science and Mathematics Division , Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA

52. National Center for Supercomputing Applications , 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA

53. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT Recent analyses have found intriguing correlations between the colour (c) of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and the size of their ‘mass-step’, the relationship between SN Ia host galaxy stellar mass (Mstellar) and SN Ia Hubble residual, and suggest that the cause of this relationship is dust. Using 675 photometrically classified SNe Ia from the Dark Energy Survey 5-yr sample, we study the differences in Hubble residual for a variety of global host galaxy and local environmental properties for SN Ia subsamples split by their colour. We find a 3σ difference in the mass-step when comparing blue (c < 0) and red (c > 0) SNe. We observe the lowest r.m.s. scatter (∼0.14 mag) in the Hubble residual for blue SNe in low mass/blue environments, suggesting that this is the most homogeneous sample for cosmological analyses. By fitting for c-dependent relationships between Hubble residuals and Mstellar, approximating existing dust models, we remove the mass-step from the data and find tentative ∼2σ residual steps in rest-frame galaxy U − R colour. This indicates that dust modelling based on Mstellar may not fully explain the remaining dispersion in SN Ia luminosity. Instead, accounting for a c-dependent relationship between Hubble residuals and global U − R, results in ≤1σ residual steps in Mstellar and local U − R, suggesting that U − R provides different information about the environment of SNe Ia compared to Mstellar, and motivating the inclusion of galaxy U − R colour in SN Ia distance bias correction.

Funder

Science and Technology Facilities Council

UKRI

ERC

STFC

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación

Agencia Estatal de Investigación

European Social Fund

CSIC

National Science Foundation

MINECO

ERDF

European Union

Generalitat de Catalunya

European Research Council

CNPq

U.S. Department of Energy

Office of Science

High Energy Physics

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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