Forecasts on interacting dark energy from the 21-cm angular power spectrum with BINGO and SKA observations

Abstract

ABSTRACT Neutral hydrogen (H i) intensity mapping is a promising technique to probe the large-scale structure of the Universe, improving our understanding of the late-time accelerated expansion. In this work, we first scrutinize how an alternative cosmology, interacting dark energy (IDE), can affect the 21-cm angular power spectrum relative to the concordance ΛCDM model. We re-derive the 21-cm brightness temperature fluctuation in the context of such an interaction and uncover an extra new contribution. Then we estimate the noise level of three upcoming H i intensity mapping surveys, namely Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations (BINGO), Square Kilometre Array (SKA1)-MID Band 1 and Band 2, and employ a Fisher matrix approach to forecast their constraints on the IDE model. We find that while Planck 2018 maintains its dominion over early-Universe parameter constraints, BINGO and SKA1-MID Band 2 provide complementary bounding to the latest cosmic microwave background measurements on the dark energy equation of state w, the interacting strength λi and the reduced Hubble constant h, and that SKA1-MID Band 1 even outperforms Planck 2018 in these late-Universe parameter constraints. The expected minimum uncertainties are given by SKA1-MID Band 1 + Planck: $\sim 0.34{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ on w, $\sim 0.22{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ on h, $\sim 0.64{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ on H i bias bHi, and an absolute uncertainty of about 3 × 10−4 (7 × 10−4) on λ1 (λ2). Moreover, we quantify the effects from systematics of the redshift bin number, redshift-space distortions, foreground residuals and uncertainties on the measured H i fraction, ΩHi(z). Our results indicate a bright prospect for H i intensity mapping surveys in constraining IDE, whether on their own or by synergies with other measurements.