Deciphering the unusual stellar progenitor of GRB 210704A

Author:

Becerra R L1ORCID,Troja E2ORCID,Watson A M3ORCID,O’Connor B456ORCID,Veres P78ORCID,Dichiara S9ORCID,Butler N R10ORCID,De Colle F1ORCID,Sakamoto T11ORCID,López K O C3ORCID,Aoki K12ORCID,Fraija N3ORCID,Im M13ORCID,Kutyrev A S45ORCID,Lee W H3ORCID,Paek G S H13ORCID,Pereyra M14ORCID,Ravi S10,Urata Y1516ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Apartado Postal 70-264, 04510 México, CDMX, Mexico

2. Department of Physics, University of Rome - Tor Vergata , via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00100 Rome, Italy

3. Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Apartado Postal 70-264, 04510 México, CDMX, Mexico

4. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742-4111, USA

5. Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

6. Department of Physics, The George Washington University , 725 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA

7. Department of Space Science, University of Alabama in Huntsville , Huntsville, AL 35899, USA

8. Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research (CSPAR) , University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA

9. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University , 525 Davey Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA

10. School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University , Tempe, AZ 85287, USA

11. College of Science and Engineering, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University , 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan

12. Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 650 North A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA

13. Center for the Exploration of the Origin of the Universe (CEOU), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University , Seoul, 151-747, Republic of Korea

14. CONACYT, Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , 22860 Ensenada, BC, Mexico

15. Institute of Astronomy, National Central University , Chung-Li 32054, Taiwan

16. MITOS Science CO., LTD. , New Taipei 235, Taiwan

Abstract

ABSTRACT GRB 210704A is a burst of intermediate duration (T90 ∼ 1–4 s) followed by a fading afterglow and an optical excess that peaked about 7 d after the explosion. Its properties, and in particular those of the excess, do not easily fit into the well-established classification scheme of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) as being long or short, leaving the nature of its progenitor uncertain. We present multiwavelength observations of the GRB and its counterpart, observed up to 160 d after the burst. In order to decipher the nature of the progenitor system, we present a detailed analysis of the GRB high-energy properties (duration, spectral lag, and Amati correlation), its environment, and late-time optical excess. We discuss three possible scenarios: a neutron star merger, a collapsing massive star, and an atypical explosion possibly hosted in a cluster of galaxies. We find that traditional kilonova and supernova models do not match well the properties of the optical excess, leaving us with the intriguing suggestion that this event was an exotic high-energy merger.

Funder

European Research Council

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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