NGC 1436: the making of a lenticular galaxy in the Fornax Cluster

Author:

Loni Alessandro12ORCID,Serra Paolo2ORCID,Sarzi Marc1ORCID,Józsa Gyula I G34ORCID,Anta Pablo M Galán-de15ORCID,Zabel Nikki6ORCID,Kleiner Dane27ORCID,Maccagni Filippo M27ORCID,Molnár Daniel2ORCID,Ramatsoku Mpati24ORCID,Loi Francesca2ORCID,Corsini Enrico M89ORCID,Pisano D J6ORCID,Kamphuis Peter10ORCID,Davis Timothy A11ORCID,de Blok W J G71213ORCID,Dettmar Ralf J10ORCID,Falcon-Barroso Jesus1415ORCID,Iodice Enrichetta16ORCID,Lara-López Maritza A17ORCID,Loubser S Ilani18ORCID,Morokuma-Matsui Kana19ORCID,Peletier Reynier12ORCID,Pinna Francesca20ORCID,Poci Adriano21ORCID,Smith Matthew W L11ORCID,Trager Scott C12ORCID,van de Ven Glenn22ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Armagh Observatory and Planetarium, College Hill , Armagh BT61 9DG, UK

2. INAF − Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari , Via della Scienza 5, I-09047, Selargius, CA, Italy

3. Max-Plank-Institut für Radioastronomie , Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany

4. Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University , PO Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa

5. Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast , Belfast BT7 INN, UK

6. Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town , Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa

7. Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) , Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, NL-7991 PD Dwingeloo, The Netherlands

8. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia ‘G. Galilei’, Università di Padova , vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padova, Italy

9. INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , vicolo dell’Osservatorio 2, I-35122 Padova, Italy

10. Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute , D-44780 Bochum, Germany

11. School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings The Parade , Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK

12. Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen , PO Box 800, NL−9700 AV Groningen, the Netherlands

13. The Inter-University Institute for Data Intensive Astronomy, Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town ,   Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa

14. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias , Vía Láctea s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

15. Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna , E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

16. INAF – Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte , Salita Moiariello 16, 80131, Naples, Italy

17. Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos , IPARCOS.   Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040, Madrid, Spain

18. Centre for Space Research, North–West University , Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa

19. Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Ten-nodai, 1-1-1 Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan

20. Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

21. Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, University of Durham , Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom

22. Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna , Türkenschanzstraße 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria

Abstract

ABSTRACT We study the evolutionary path of the Fornax Cluster galaxy NGC 1436, which is known to be currently transitioning from a spiral into a lenticular morphology. This galaxy hosts an inner star-forming disc and an outer quiescent disc, and we analyse data from the MeerKAT Fornax Survey, ALMA, and the Fornax 3D survey to study the interstellar medium and the stellar populations of both disc components. Thanks to the combination of high resolution and sensitivity of the MeerKAT data, we find that the H i is entirely confined within the inner star-forming disc, and that its kinematics is coincident with that of the CO. The cold gas disc is now well settled, which suggests that the galaxy has not been affected by any environmental interactions in the last ∼1 Gyr. The star-formation history derived from the Fornax 3D data shows that both the inner and outer discs experienced a burst of star formation ∼5 Gyr ago, followed by rapid quenching in the outer disc and by slow quenching in the inner disc, which continues forming stars to this day. We claim that NGC 1436 has begun to effectively interact with the cluster environment 5 Gyr ago, when a combination of gravitational and hydrodynamical interactions caused the temporary enhancement of the star-formation rate. Furthermore, due to the weaker gravitational binding H i was stripped from the outer disc, causing its rapid quenching. At the same time, accretion of gas onto the inner disc stopped, causing slow quenching in this region.

Funder

European Research Council

MIUR

MCIU

Science and Technology Facilities Council

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

Cited by 2 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

1. The star formation histories of galaxies in different stages of pre-processing in the Fornax A group;Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society;2023-11-27

2. Bulge–disc decomposition of the Hydra cluster galaxies in 12 bands;Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society;2023-11-20

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