Affiliation:
1. School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queen’s Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
2. Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
4. Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S9, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) produce large ($\gtrsim0.1\,{\rm M}_\odot$) masses of dust, and are potentially the primary source of dust in the Universe, but much of this dust may be destroyed before reaching the interstellar medium. Cassiopeia A (Cas A) is the only supernova remnant where an observational measurement of the dust destruction efficiency in the reverse shock is possible at present. We determine the pre- and post-shock dust masses in Cas A using a substantially improved dust emission model. In our preferred models, the unshocked ejecta contains $0.6\!-\!0.8\,{\rm M}_\odot$ of $0.1\,{\rm \mu m}$ silicate grains, while the post-shock ejecta has $0.02\!-\!0.09\,{\rm M}_\odot$ of $5\!-\!10 \, {\rm nm}$ grains in dense clumps, and $2 \times 10^{-3}\,{\rm M}_\odot$ of $0.1 \, {\rm \mu m}$ grains in the diffuse X-ray emitting shocked ejecta. The implied dust destruction efficiency is $74\!-\!94\,{\rm per\,cent}$ in the clumps and $92\!-\!98\,{\rm per\,cent}$ overall, giving Cas A a final dust yield of $0.05\!-\!0.30\,{\rm M}_\odot$. If the unshocked ejecta grains are larger than $0.1\,{\rm \mu m}$, the dust masses are higher, the destruction efficiencies are lower, and the final yield may exceed $0.5\,{\rm M}_\odot$. As Cas A has a dense circumstellar environment and thus a much stronger reverse shock than is typical, the average dust destruction efficiency across all CCSNe is likely to be lower, and the average dust yield higher. This supports a mostly stellar origin for the cosmic dust budget.
Funder
Science and Technology Facilities Council
European Research Council
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics
Cited by
7 articles.
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