Can we quickly flag ultra-long gamma-ray bursts?

Author:

Gendre B123ORCID,Joyce Q T1,Orange N B24,Stratta G56,Atteia J L7ORCID,Boër M8

Affiliation:

1. University of the Virgin Islands, College of Science and Mathematics, 2 John Brewers Bay, 00802 St Thomas, VI, USA

2. Etelman Observatory, 00802 St Thomas, VI, USA

3. OzGrav-UWA, University of Western Australia, School of Physics, M013, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia

4. OrangeWave Innovative Science, LLC, Moncks Corner, SC 29461, USA

5. INAF-Osservatorio di astrofisica e scienza dello spazio, via P. Gobetti 93/3, I-40129, Bologna, Italy

6. INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy

7. IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, CNES, UPS, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France

8. ARTEMIS UMR 7250 UCA CNRS OCA, boulevard de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, F-06304 Nice Cedex 04, France

Abstract

Abstract Ultra-long gamma-ray bursts are a class of high-energy transients lasting several hours. Their exact nature is still elusive, and several models have been proposed to explain them. Because of the limited coverage of wide-field gamma-ray detectors, the study of their prompt phase with sensitive narrow-field X-ray instruments could help in understanding the origin of ultra-long GRBs. However, the observers face a true problem in rapidly activating follow-up observations, due to the challenging identification of an ultra-long GRB before the end of the prompt phase. We present here a comparison of the prompt properties available after a few tens of minutes of a sample of ultra-long GRBs and normal long GRBs, looking for prior indicators of the long duration. We find that there is no such clear prior indicator of the duration of the burst. We also found that statistically, a burst lasting at least 10 and 20 minutes has respectively $28{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ and $50{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ probability to be an ultralong event. These findings point towards a common central engine for normal long and ultra-long GRBs, with the collapsar model privileged.

Funder

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research

Mineral Industry Research Organization

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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1. Exploring the Origin of Ultralong Gamma-Ray Bursts: Lessons from GRB 221009A;The Astrophysical Journal;2024-08-01

2. Searching for long faint astronomical high energy transients: a data driven approach;Experimental Astronomy;2023-11-22

3. Evolution of double oxygen–neon white dwarf merger remnant;Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society;2023-09-07

4. GRB optical and X-ray plateau properties classifier using unsupervised machine learning;Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society;2023-08-31

5. A Stochastic Approach to Reconstruct Gamma-Ray-burst Light Curves;The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series;2023-08-01

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