Accurate flux calibration of GW170817: is the X-ray counterpart on the rise?

Author:

Troja E12ORCID,O’Connor B1234,Ryan G12ORCID,Piro L5,Ricci R67,Zhang B8,Piran T9,Bruni G5,Cenko S B210,van Eerten H11

Affiliation:

1. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4111, USA

2. Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

3. Department of Physics, The George Washington University, 725 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA

4. Astronomy, Physics, and Statistics Institute of Sciences (APSIS), The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA

5. INAF – Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy

6. Istituto Nazionale di Ricerche Metrologiche - Torino, Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy

7. INAF – Istituto di Radioastronomia, via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

8. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA

9. Racah Institute of Physics, Edmund J. Safra Campus, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel

10. Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA

11. Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom

Abstract

ABSTRACT X-ray emission from the gravitational wave transient GW170817 is well described as non-thermal afterglow radiation produced by a structured relativistic jet viewed off-axis. We show that the X-ray counterpart continues to be detected at 3.3 years after the merger. Such long-lasting signal is not a prediction of the earlier jet models characterized by a narrow jet core and a viewing angle ≈20 deg, and is spurring a renewed interest in the origin of the X-ray emission. We present a comprehensive analysis of the X-ray dataset aimed at clarifying existing discrepancies in the literature, and in particular the presence of an X-ray rebrightening at late times. Our analysis does not find evidence for an increase in the X-ray flux, but confirms a growing tension between the observations and the jet model. Further observations at radio and X-ray wavelengths would be critical to break the degeneracy between models.

Funder

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

National Science Foundation

European Union

Horizon 2020

MIUR

ERC

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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