Are inner disc misalignments common? ALMA reveals an isotropic outer disc inclination distribution for young dipper stars

Author:

Ansdell M123ORCID,Gaidos E4ORCID,Hedges C5,Tazzari M6ORCID,Kraus A L7,Wyatt M C6ORCID,Kennedy G M89ORCID,Williams J P10,Mann A W11,Angelo I212,Dûchene G213ORCID,Mamajek E E1415,Carpenter J16,Esplin T L17,Rizzuto A C7

Affiliation:

1. Center for Integrative Planetary Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

2. Department of Astronomy, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

3. Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, 162 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10010, USA

4. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA

5. NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Blvd, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA

6. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

7. Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA

8. Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

9. Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

10. Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA

11. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA

12. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA

13. CNRS Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique (IPAG), Université Grenoble-Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France

14. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA

15. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA

16. Joint ALMA Observatory, Avenida Alonso de Córdova 3107, JC22+54 Vitacura, Santiago, Chile

17. Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT Dippers are a common class of young variable star exhibiting day-long dimmings with depths of up to several tens of per cent. A standard explanation is that dippers host nearly edge-on (id ≈ 70°) protoplanetary discs that allow close-in (<1 au) dust lifted slightly out of the mid-plane to partially occult the star. The identification of a face-on dipper disc and growing evidence of inner disc misalignments brings this scenario into question. Thus, we uniformly (re)derive the inclinations of 24 dipper discs resolved with (sub-)mm interferometry from ALMA. We find that dipper disc inclinations are consistent with an isotropic distribution over id ≈ 0−75°, above which the occurrence rate declines (likely an observational selection effect due to optically thick disc mid-planes blocking their host stars). These findings indicate that the dipper phenomenon is unrelated to the outer (>10 au) disc resolved by ALMA and that inner disc misalignments may be common during the protoplanetary phase. More than one mechanism may contribute to the dipper phenomenon, including accretion-driven warps and ‘broken’ discs caused by inclined (sub-)stellar or planetary companions.

Funder

National Science Foundation

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Science and Technology Facilities Council

Royal Society

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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