Impact of instrument and data characteristics in the interferometric reconstruction of the 21 cm power spectrum-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Impact of instrument and data characteristics in the interferometric reconstruction of the 21 cm power spectrum

Published:2023-01-12 Issue:1 Volume:520 Page:375-391
ISSN:0035-8711
Container-title:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Gorce Adélie¹^ORCID,Ganjam Samskruthi¹,Liu Adrian¹^ORCID,Murray Steven G²^ORCID,Abdurashidova Zara³,Adams Tyrone⁴,Aguirre James E⁵^ORCID,Alexander Paul⁶,Ali Zaki S³,Baartman Rushelle⁴,Balfour Yanga⁴,Beardsley Adam P²⁷,Bernardi Gianni⁴⁸⁹,Billings Tashalee S⁵,Bowman Judd D²,Bradley Richard F¹⁰,Bull Philip¹¹¹²^ORCID,Burba Jacob¹³^ORCID,Carey Steven⁶,Carilli Chris L¹⁴,Cheng Carina³,DeBoer David R¹⁵,Acedo Eloy de Lera⁶^ORCID,Dexter Matt¹⁵,Dillon Joshua S³^ORCID,Eksteen Nico⁴,Ely John⁶,Ewall-Wice Aaron³¹⁶^ORCID,Fagnoni Nicolas⁶^ORCID,Fritz Randall⁴,Furlanetto Steven R¹⁷^ORCID,Gale-Sides Kingsley⁶,Glendenning Brian¹⁸,Gorthi Deepthi³,Greig Bradley¹⁹^ORCID,Grobbelaar Jasper⁴,Halday Ziyaad⁴,Hazelton Bryna J²⁰²¹,Hewitt Jacqueline N²²²³,Hickish Jack¹⁵,Jacobs Daniel C²,Julius Austin⁴,Kariseb MacCalvin⁴,Kern Nicholas S³²³,Kerrigan Joshua¹³^ORCID,Kittiwisit Piyanat¹²^ORCID,Kohn Saul A⁵^ORCID,Kolopanis Matthew²^ORCID,Lanman Adam¹^ORCID,Plante Paul La³²⁴²⁵,Loots Anita⁴,MacMahon David Harold Edward¹⁵,Malan Lourence⁴,Malgas Cresshim⁴,Malgas Keith⁴,Marero Bradley⁴,Martinot Zachary E⁵,Mesinger Andrei²⁶^ORCID,Molewa Mathakane⁴,Morales Miguel F²⁰,Mosiane Tshegofalang⁴,Neben Abraham R²³,Nikolic Bojan⁶,Nuwegeld Hans⁴,Parsons Aaron R³,Patra Nipanjana³,Pieterse Samantha⁴,Pober Jonathan C¹³,Razavi-Ghods Nima⁶,Robnett James¹⁴,Rosie Kathryn⁴,Sims Peter¹^ORCID,Swarts Hilton⁴,Thyagarajan Nithyanandan¹⁴²⁷,van Wyngaarden Pieter⁴,Williams Peter K G²⁸²⁹^ORCID,Zheng Haoxuan²³

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physics and McGill Space Institute, McGill University , 3600 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada

2. School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University , Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, USA

3. Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA

4. South African Radio Astronomy Observatory , Black River Park, 2 Fir Street, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa

5. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104-6396, USA

6. Cavendish Astrophysics, University of Cambridge , Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK

7. Department of Physics, Winona State University , Winona, MN 55987, USA

8. INAF-Istituto di Radioastronomia , via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy

9. Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University , PO Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa

10. National Radio Astronomy Observatory , Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA

11. Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester , Manchester, M13 9PL, UK

12. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Cape , Cape Town, 7535, South Africa

13. Department of Physics, Brown University , Providence, RI 02906, USA

14. National Radio Astronomy Observatory , Socorro, NM 87801, USA

15. Radio Astronomy Lab, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA

16. Department of Physics, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA

17. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA

18. National Radio Astronomy Observatory , Socorro, NM 87801-0387, USA

19. School of Physics, University of Melbourne , Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia

20. Department of Physics, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195-1560, USA

21. eScience Institute, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195-1560, USA

22. MIT Kavli Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

23. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02142, USA

24. Department of Computer Science, University of Nevada , Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA

25. Nevada Center for Astrophysics, University of Nevada , Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA

26. Scuola Normale Superiore , I-56126 Pisa, Italy

27. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Space & Astronomy , P. O. Box 1130, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia

28. Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

29. American Astronomical Society , Washington, DC 20006, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT Combining the visibilities measured by an interferometer to form a cosmological power spectrum is a complicated process. In a delay-based analysis, the mapping between instrumental and cosmological space is not a one-to-one relation. Instead, neighbouring modes contribute to the power measured at one point, with their respective contributions encoded in the window functions. To better understand the power measured by an interferometer, we assess the impact of instrument characteristics and analysis choices on these window functions. Focusing on the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) as a case study, we find that long-baseline observations correspond to enhanced low-k tails of the window functions, which facilitate foreground leakage, whilst an informed choice of bandwidth and frequency taper can reduce said tails. With simple test cases and realistic simulations, we show that, apart from tracing mode mixing, the window functions help accurately reconstruct the power spectrum estimator of simulated visibilities. The window functions depend strongly on the beam chromaticity and less on its spatial structure – a Gaussian approximation, ignoring side lobes, is sufficient. Finally, we investigate the potential of asymmetric window functions, down-weighting the contribution of low-k power to avoid foreground leakage. The window functions presented here correspond to the latest HERA upper limits for the full Phase I data. They allow an accurate reconstruction of the power spectrum measured by the instrument and will be used in future analyses to confront theoretical models and data directly in cylindrical space.

Funder

National Science Foundation

Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

Link

https://academic.oup.com/mnras/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/mnras/stad090/48652274/stad090.pdf

Reference77 articles.

1. Validation of the HERA Phase I Epoch of Reionization 21 cm Power Spectrum Software Pipeline

2. Possible interaction between baryons and dark-matter particles revealed by the first stars