TOI-2119: a transiting brown dwarf orbiting an active M-dwarf from NASA’s TESS mission

Author:

Carmichael Theron W1ORCID,Irwin Jonathan M2,Murgas Felipe34,Pallé Enric34ORCID,Stassun Keivan G56ORCID,Bartnik Matthew7,Collins Karen A2ORCID,de Leon Jerome8ORCID,Esparza-Borges Emma34ORCID,Fedewa Jeremy7,Fong William9,Fukui Akihiko103ORCID,Jenkins Jon M11ORCID,Kagetani Taiki12ORCID,Latham David W2,Lund Michael B13ORCID,Mann Andrew W14ORCID,Moldovan Dan15,Morgan Edward H9,Narita Norio31016ORCID,Painter Shane7,Parviainen Hannu34ORCID,Quintana Elisa V17ORCID,Ricker George R9ORCID,Schulte Jack7,Schwarz Richard P18ORCID,Seager Sara9,Sokolovsky Kirill7ORCID,Twicken Joseph D1119ORCID,Winn Joshua N20ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh , Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK

2. Center for Astrophysics , Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

3. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias , 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

4. Department Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna , 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

5. Vanderbilt University, Department of Physics & Astronomy , 6301 Stevenson Center Ln., Nashville, TN 37235, USA

6. Fisk University, Department of Physics , 1000 18th Ave. N., Nashville, TN 37208, USA

7. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI 48824, USA

8. Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

9. Department of Physics, and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

10. Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan

11. NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA

12. Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan

13. Caltech IPAC–NASA Exoplanet Science Institute 1200 E. California Ave , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

14. Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA

15. Google , Cambridge, MA 02142, USA

16. Astrobiology Center , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

17. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

18. Patashnick Voorheesville Observatory , Voorheesville, NY 12186, USA

19. SETI Institute , Mountain View, CA 94043, USA

20. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT We report the discovery of TOI-2119b, a transiting brown dwarf (BD) that orbits and is completely eclipsed by an active M-dwarf star. Using light-curve data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission and follow-up high-resolution Doppler spectroscopic observations, we find the BD has a radius of Rb = 1.08 ± 0.03RJ, a mass of Mb = 64.4 ± 2.3MJ, an orbital period of P = 7.200865 ± 0.00002 d, and an eccentricity of e = 0.337 ± 0.002. The host star has a mass of M⋆ = 0.53 ± 0.02M⊙, a radius of R⋆ = 0.50 ± 0.01R⊙, an effective temperature of Teff = 3621 ± 48K, and a metallicity of $\rm [Fe/H]=+0.06\pm 0.08$. TOI-2119b joins an emerging population of transiting BDs around M-dwarf host stars, with TOI-2119 being the ninth such system. These M-dwarf–brown dwarf systems typically occupy mass ratios near q = Mb/M⋆ ≈ 0.1−0.2, which separates them from the typical mass ratios for systems with transiting substellar objects and giant exoplanets that orbit more massive stars. The nature of the secondary eclipse of the BD by the star enables us to estimate the effective temperature of the substellar object to be 2030 ± 84K, which is consistent with predictions by substellar evolutionary models.

Funder

NASA

MAST

NSF

JSPS

JST

CREST

NINS

European Space Agency

European Union

Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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