The southern stellar stream spectroscopic survey (S5): Overview, target selection, data reduction, validation, and early science

Author:

Li T S1234ORCID,Koposov S E56ORCID,Zucker D B78,Lewis G F9ORCID,Kuehn K1011,Simpson J D12ORCID,Ji A P1,Shipp N3413,Mao Y-Y141516ORCID,Geha M17,Pace A B18ORCID,Mackey A D19,Allam S3,Tucker D L3,Da Costa G S19ORCID,Erkal D20ORCID,Simon J D1,Mould J R21,Martell S L1222ORCID,Wan Z9ORCID,De Silva G M11,Bechtol K23,Balbinot E24ORCID,Belokurov V6ORCID,Bland-Hawthorn J922ORCID,Casey A R25ORCID,Cullinane L19,Drlica-Wagner A3413,Sharma S922ORCID,Vivas A K26ORCID,Wechsler R H272829,Yanny B3,

Affiliation:

1. Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, 813 Santa Barbara St., Pasadena, CA 91101, USA

2. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

3. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA

4. Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA

5. McWilliams Center for Cosmology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA

6. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

7. Department of Physics & Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia

8. Macquarie University Research Centre for Astronomy, Astrophysics & Astrophotonics, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia

9. Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, A28, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia

10. Lowell Observatory, 1400 W Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA

11. Australian Astronomical Optics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2113, Australia

12. School of Physics, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia

13. Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA

14. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA

15. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA

16. Pittsburgh Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Center (PITT PACC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA

17. Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA

18. George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA

19. Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia

20. Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK

21. Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia

22. Centre of Excellence for All-Sky Astrophysics in Three Dimensions (ASTRO 3D), Australia

23. Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue Madison, WI 53706, USA

24. Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Postbus 800, NL-9700AV Groningen, the Netherlands

25. School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia

26. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile

27. Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

28. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, PO Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

29. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT We introduce the southern stellar stream spectroscopy survey (S5), an on-going program to map the kinematics and chemistry of stellar streams in the southern hemisphere. The initial focus of S5 has been spectroscopic observations of recently identified streams within the footprint of the dark energy survey (DES), with the eventual goal of surveying streams across the entire southern sky. Stellar streams are composed of material that has been tidally striped from dwarf galaxies and globular clusters and hence are excellent dynamical probes of the gravitational potential of the Milky Way, as well as providing a detailed snapshot of its accretion history. Observing with the 3.9 m Anglo-Australian Telescope’s 2-degree-Field fibre positioner and AAOmega spectrograph, and combining the precise photometry of DES DR1 with the superb proper motions from Gaia DR2, allows us to conduct an efficient spectroscopic survey to map these stellar streams. So far S5 has mapped nine DES streams and three streams outside of DES; the former are the first spectroscopic observations of these recently discovered streams. In addition to the stream survey, we use spare fibres to undertake a Milky Way halo survey and a low-redshift galaxy survey. This paper presents an overview of the S5 program, describing the scientific motivation for the survey, target selection, observation strategy, data reduction, and survey validation. Finally, we describe early science results on stellar streams and Milky Way halo stars drawn from the survey. Updates on S5, including future public data releases, can be found at http://s5collab.github.io.

Funder

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

National Science Foundation

Australian Research Council

Astronomy Australia Limited

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation

U.S. Department of Energy

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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