Survival and dynamics of rings of co-orbital planets under perturbations

Author:

Raymond Sean N1ORCID,Veras Dimitri234ORCID,Clement Matthew S56ORCID,Izidoro Andre78ORCID,Kipping David9ORCID,Meadows Victoria1011

Affiliation:

1. Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Bordeaux, CNRS and Université de Bordeaux , Allée Geoffroy St. Hilaire, F-33165 Pessac, France

2. Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

3. Centre for Space Domain Awareness, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

4. Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

5. Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science , 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA

6. Johns Hopkins APL , 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723, USA

7. Department of Physics and Astronomy , 6100 Main MS-550, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA

8. Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences , MS 126, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA

9. Department of Astronomy, Columbia University , 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA

10. Department of Astronomy and Astrobiology Program, University of Washington , Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195, USA

11. NASA Astrobiology Institute’s Virtual Planetary Laboratory , Box 351580, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT In co-orbital planetary systems, two or more planets share the same orbit around their star. Here we test the dynamical stability of co-orbital rings of planets perturbed by outside forces. We test two setups: (i) ‘stationary’ rings of planets that, when unperturbed, remain equally spaced along their orbit and (ii) horseshoe constellation systems, in which planets are continually undergoing horseshoe librations with their immediate neighbours. We show that a single rogue planet crossing the planets’ orbit more massive than a few lunar masses ($0.01\!-\!0.04 {\rm \, M_\oplus }\!\!$ ) systematically disrupts a co-orbital ring of 6, 9, 18, or 42 Earth-mass planets located at 1 au. Stationary rings are more resistant to perturbations than horseshoe constellations, yet when perturbed they can transform into stable horseshoe constellation systems. Given sufficient time, any co-orbital ring system will be perturbed into either becoming a horseshoe constellation or complete destabilization.

Funder

CNRS

NASA

Welch Foundation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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