A search for transients in the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS): three new supernovae

Author:

Golubchik Miriam1ORCID,Zitrin Adi1ORCID,Pierel Justin2ORCID,Furtak Lukas J1ORCID,Meena Ashish K1ORCID,Graur Or34ORCID,Kelly Patrick L5ORCID,Coe Dan267ORCID,Andrade-Santos Felipe89ORCID,Asif Maor1,Bradley Larry D2ORCID,Chen Wenlei5ORCID,Frye Brenda L10ORCID,Gomez Sebastian2ORCID,Jha Saurabh11ORCID,Mahler Guillaume1213ORCID,Nonino Mario14ORCID,Strolger Louis-Gregory2ORCID,Su Yuanyuan15ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Physics Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , PO Box 653, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel

2. Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

3. Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation, University of Portsmouth , Dennis Sciama Building, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK

4. Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History , Central Park West and 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA

5. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota , 116 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA

6. Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) for the European Space Agency (ESA) , STScI, Baltimore, MD, USA

7. Center for Astrophysical Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

8. Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Berklee College of Music , 7 Haviland Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA

9. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

10. Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA

11. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA

12. Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK

13. Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK

14. INAF – Trieste Astronomical Observatory , Via Bazzoni 2, I-34124 Trieste, Italy

15. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Kentucky , 505 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40506, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT The Reionization Cluster Survey imaged 41 galaxy clusters with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), in order to detect lensed and high-redshift galaxies. Each cluster was imaged to about 26.5 AB mag in three optical and four near-infrared bands, taken in two distinct visits separated by varying time intervals. We make use of the multiple near-infrared epochs to search for transient sources in the cluster fields, with the primary motivation of building statistics for bright caustic crossing events in gravitational arcs. Over the whole sample, we do not find any significant (≳5σ) caustic crossing events, in line with expectations from semi-analytical calculations but in contrast to what may be naively expected from previous detections of some bright events or from deeper transient surveys that do find high rates of such events. Nevertheless, we find six prominent supernova (SN) candidates over the 41 fields: three of them were previously reported and three are new ones reported here for the first time. Out of the six candidates, four are likely core-collapse SNe – three in cluster galaxies, and among which only one was known before, and one slightly behind the cluster at z ∼ 0.6–0.7. The other two are likely Ia – both of them previously known, one probably in a cluster galaxy and one behind it at z ≃ 2. Our study supplies empirical bounds for the rate of caustic crossing events in galaxy cluster fields to typical HST magnitudes, and lays the groundwork for a future SN rate study.

Funder

United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation

National Science Foundation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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