JWST reveals star formation across a spiral arm in M33

Author:

Peltonen Joshua1ORCID,Rosolowsky Erik1ORCID,Williams Thomas G2ORCID,Koch Eric W3ORCID,Dolphin Andrew45,Chastenet Jérémy6ORCID,Dalcanton Julianne J78,Ginsburg Adam9,Johnson L Clifton10,Leroy Adam K1112,Richardson Theo9,Sandstrom Karin M13,Sarbadhicary Sumit K111214ORCID,Smercina Adam7,Wainer Tobin7ORCID,Williams Benjamin F7

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physics, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 , Canada

2. Sub-department of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH , UK

3. Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 , USA

4. Raytheon , 1151 E Hermans Road, Tucson, AZ 85756 , USA

5. Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719 . USA

6. Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent , Krijgslaan 281 S9, B-9000 Gent , Belgium

7. Department of Astronomy, University of Washington , Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195-1580 , USA

8. Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute , 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010 , USA

9. Department of Astronomy, University of Florida , PO Box 112055, Gainesville, FL 32611-2055 , USA

10. Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , 1800 Sherman Avenue, Evanston, IL 60201 , USA

11. Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 , USA

12. Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics , 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 , USA

13. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, CA 92093 , USA

14. Department of Physics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210 , USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT Young stellar objects (YSOs) are the gold standard for tracing star formation in galaxies but have been unobservable beyond the Milky Way and Magellanic Clouds. But that all changed when the JWST was launched, which we use to identify YSOs in the Local Group galaxy M33, marking the first time that individual YSOs have been identified at these large distances. We present Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) imaging mosaics at 5.6 and 21 $\mu$m that cover a significant portion of one of M33’s spiral arms that has existing panchromatic imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope and deep Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array CO measurements. Using these MIRI and Hubble Space Telescope images, we identify point sources using the new dolphot MIRI module. We identify 793 candidate YSOs from cuts based on colour, proximity to giant molecular clouds (GMCs), and visual inspection. Similar to Milky Way GMCs, we find that higher mass GMCs contain more YSOs and YSO emission, which further show YSOs identify star formation better than most tracers that cannot capture this relationship at cloud scales. We find evidence of enhanced star formation efficiency in the southern spiral arm by comparing the YSOs to the molecular gas mass.

Funder

NASA

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Canadian Space Agency

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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