Brown dwarf census with the Dark Energy Survey year 3 data and the thin disc scale height of early L types

Author:

Carnero Rosell A123ORCID,Santiago B24,dal Ponte M4,Burningham B5ORCID,da Costa L N23,James D J67,Marshall J L8,McMahon R G910,Bechtol K1112,De Paris L4,Li T1314,Pieres A23,García-Bellido J15,Abbott T M C16,Annis J13,Avila S15ORCID,Bernstein G M17,Brooks D18,Burke D L1920,Carrasco Kind M2122,Carretero J23,De Vicente J1,Drlica-Wagner A1614,Fosalba P2425,Frieman J1314,Gaztanaga E2425,Gruendl R A2122,Gschwend J23,Gutierrez G13,Hollowood D L26,Maia M A G23,Menanteau F2122,Miquel R2327,Plazas A A28ORCID,Roodman A1920,Sanchez E1,Scarpine V13,Schindler R20,Serrano S2425,Sevilla-Noarbe I1,Smith M29,Sobreira F230,Soares-Santos M31,Suchyta E32ORCID,Swanson M E C22,Tarle G33,Vikram V34,Walker A R16,

Affiliation:

1. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Av. Complutense, 40, 28040, Madrid, Spain

2. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil

3. Observatório Nacional, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil

4. Instituto de Física, UFRGS, Caixa Postal 15051, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil

5. Center for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK

6. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

7. Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, 20 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

8. George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA

9. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

10. Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

11. Physics Department, 2320 Chamberlin Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706-1390, USA

12. LSST, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA

13. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA

14. Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA

15. Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain

16. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile

17. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA

18. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK

19. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, PO Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

20. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA

21. Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

22. National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA

23. Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

24. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain

25. Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain

26. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA

27. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain

28. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

29. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK

30. Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-859 Campinas, SP, Brazil

31. Physics Department, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA

32. Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA

33. Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

34. Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT In this paper we present a catalogue of 11 745 brown dwarfs with spectral types ranging from L0 to T9, photometrically classified using data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) year 3 release matched to the Vista Hemisphere Survey (VHS) DR3 and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) data, covering ≈2400 deg2 up to iAB = 22. The classification method follows the same phototype method previously applied to SDSS-UKIDSS-WISE data. The most significant difference comes from the use of DES data instead of SDSS, which allow us to classify almost an order of magnitude more brown dwarfs than any previous search and reaching distances beyond 400 pc for the earliest types. Next, we also present and validate the GalmodBD simulation, which produces brown dwarf number counts as a function of structural parameters with realistic photometric properties of a given survey. We use this simulation to estimate the completeness and purity of our photometric LT catalogue down to iAB = 22, as well as to compare to the observed number of LT types. We put constraints on the thin disc scale height for the early L (L0–L3) population to be around 450 pc, in agreement with previous findings. For completeness, we also publish in a separate table a catalogue of 20 863 M dwarfs that passed our colour cut with spectral types greater than M6. Both the LT and the late M catalogues are found at DES release page https://des.ncsa.illinois.edu/releases/other/y3-mlt.

Funder

U.S. Department of Energy

National Science Foundation

Ministry of Science and Education of Spain

Science and Technology Facilities Council

Higher Education Funding Council for England

University of Illinois

University of Chicago

Ohio State University

Texas A&M University

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

Generalitat de Catalunya

European Research Council

Australian Research Council

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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