The TOI-763 system: sub-Neptunes orbiting a Sun-like star

Author:

Fridlund M12ORCID,Livingston J3ORCID,Gandolfi D4,Persson C M2,Lam K W F5,Stassun K G6ORCID,Hellier C7,Korth J8,Hatzes A P9,Malavolta L10,Luque R1112ORCID,Redfield S13ORCID,Guenther E W9,Albrecht S14,Barragan O15,Benatti S16,Bouma L17ORCID,Cabrera J18,Cochran W D1920,Csizmadia S18ORCID,Dai F1721,Deeg H J1112,Esposito M9,Georgieva I2,Grziwa S8,González Cuesta L1112,Hirano T22,Jenkins J M23,Kabath P24,Knudstrup E14ORCID,Latham D W25,Mathur S1112,Mullally S E26,Narita N1127282930,Nowak G1112ORCID,Olofsson A O H2,Palle E1112,Pätzold M8,Pompei E31,Rauer H51832,Ricker G21,Rodler F31,Seager S212633,Serrano L M4,Smith A M S18,Spina L3435,Subjak J2436,Tenenbaum P37,Ting E B23,Vanderburg A38,Vanderspek R21,Van Eylen V39,Villanueva S21,Winn J N17

Affiliation:

1. Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, NL-2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands

2. Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, SE-439 92 Onsala, Sweden

3. Department of Astronomy, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ky, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan

4. Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitate degli Studi di Torino, via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino, Italy

5. Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Technical University Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany

6. Physics and Astronomy Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA

7. Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK

8. Rheinisches Institut für Umweltforschung an der Universität zu Köln, Aachener Strasse 209, D-50931 Köln, Germany

9. Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany

10. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galilei, Universitá di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padova, Italy

11. Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, C/ Via Lactea s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Spain

12. Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Spain

13. Astronomy Department and Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA

14. Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

15. Sub-department of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK

16. INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento, 1, I-90134 Palermo, Italy

17. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

18. Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center, Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

19. Department of Astronomy and McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USA

20. Center for Planetary Systems Habitability, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA

21. Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

22. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokio 152-8551, Japan

23. NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA

24. Astronomical Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Fričova 298, CZ-25165 Ondřejov, Czech Republic

25. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

26. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

27. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, NINS, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan

28. Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan

29. JST, PRESTO, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan

30. Astrobiology Center, NINS, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan

31. European Southern Observatory (ESO), Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago de Chile, Chile

32. Institut fuer Geologische Wissenschaften, Freie Universitaet Berlin, D-12249 Berlin, Germany

33. Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

34. School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia

35. ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in Three Dimensions (ASTRO-3D), Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia

36. Astronomical Institute, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 2027/3, CZ-12116 Prague, Czech Republic

37. SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA

38. Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA

39. Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK

Abstract

ABSTRACT We report the discovery of a planetary system orbiting TOI-763(aka CD-39 7945), a V = 10.2, high proper motion G-type dwarf star that was photometrically monitored by the TESS space mission in Sector 10. We obtain and model the stellar spectrum and find an object slightly smaller than the Sun, and somewhat older, but with a similar metallicity. Two planet candidates were found in the light curve to be transiting the star. Combining TESS transit photometry with HARPS high-precision radial velocity (RV) follow-up measurements confirm the planetary nature of these transit signals. We determine masses, radii, and bulk densities of these two planets. A third planet candidate was discovered serendipitously in the RV data. The inner transiting planet, TOI-763 b, has an orbital period of Pb  =  5.6 d, a mass of Mb  =  9.8 ± 0.8 M⊕, and a radius of Rb  =  2.37 ± 0.10 R⊕. The second transiting planet, TOI-763 c, has an orbital period of Pc  =  12.3 d, a mass of Mc  =  9.3 ± 1.0 M⊕, and a radius of Rc  =  2.87 ± 0.11 R⊕. We find the outermost planet candidate to orbit the star with a period of ∼48 d. If confirmed as a planet, it would have a minimum mass of Md  =  9.5 ± 1.6 M⊕. We investigated the TESS light curve in order to search for a mono transit by planet d without success. We discuss the importance and implications of this planetary system in terms of the geometrical arrangements of planets orbiting G-type stars.

Funder

Swedish National Space Agency

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Japan Science and Technology Corporation

Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology

Cetacean Research Technology

California Department of Fish and Game

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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