Ultraluminous X-ray sources in seven edge-on spiral galaxies

Author:

Dage Kristen C123ORCID,Vowell Noah34,Thygesen Erica3,Bahramian Arash5ORCID,Haggard Daryl12,Kovlakas Konstantinos6ORCID,Kundu Arunav7,Maccarone Thomas J8,Strader Jay3,Urquhart Ryan3,Zepf Stephen E3

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada

2. McGill Space Institute, McGill University, 3550 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada

3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA

4. Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd. Dearborn, MI 48128, USA

5. International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia

6. Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, Chemin des Maillettes 51, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

7. Eureka Scientific, Inc., 2452 Delmer Street, Suite 100 Oakland, CA 94602, USA

8. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Box 41051, Science Building, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1051, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT We investigate a sample of seven edge-on spiral galaxies using Chandra observations. Edge-on spiral galaxies allow us to clearly separate source associated with their star-forming regions versus the outer edges of the system, offering a clear advantage over other systems. We uncover a number of X-ray point sources across these galaxies, and after eliminating contaminating foreground and background sources, we identify 12 candidate ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). All of these sources are projected on to the central regions, implying that the majority of ULXs in this sample of spiral galaxies are disc/bulge, and thus not halo sources. This also includes two transient ULXs, which may be long-duration transients and low-mass X-ray binaries. This finding illustrates the need for further studies of transient ULXs.

Funder

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Canada Research Chairs

Swiss National Science Foundation

NASA

JPL

RSA

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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