Synthetic galaxy clusters and observations based on Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Data-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Synthetic galaxy clusters and observations based on Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Data

Published:2021-11-18 Issue:4 Volume:509 Page:4865-4885
ISSN:0035-8711
Container-title:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Varga T N¹²^ORCID,Gruen D³⁴⁵^ORCID,Seitz S¹²,MacCrann N⁶^ORCID,Sheldon E⁷,Hartley W G⁸,Amon A⁴,Choi A⁹,Palmese A¹⁰¹¹^ORCID,Zhang Y¹⁰,Becker M R¹²^ORCID,McCullough J⁴,Rozo E¹³,Rykoff E S⁴⁵,To C³⁴⁵,Grandis S¹⁴,Bernstein G M¹⁵^ORCID,Dodelson S¹⁶,Eckert K¹⁵,Everett S¹⁷,Gruendl R A¹⁸¹⁹,Harrison I²⁰²¹^ORCID,Herner K¹⁰,Rollins R P²¹,Sevilla-Noarbe I²²,Troxel M A²³,Yanny B¹⁰,Zuntz J²⁴^ORCID,Diehl H T¹⁰,Jarvis M¹⁵,Aguena M²⁵²⁶^ORCID,Allam S¹⁰,Annis J¹⁰,Bertin E²⁷²⁸^ORCID,Bhargava S²⁹,Brooks D³⁰,Carnero Rosell A²⁶³¹³²^ORCID,Carrasco Kind M¹⁸¹⁹^ORCID,Carretero J³³^ORCID,Costanzi M³⁴³⁵³⁶^ORCID,da Costa L N²⁶³⁷,Pereira M E S³⁸,De Vicente J²²^ORCID,Desai S³⁹,Dietrich J P¹⁴,Ferrero I⁴⁰^ORCID,Flaugher B¹⁰,García-Bellido J⁴¹^ORCID,Gaztanaga E⁴²⁴³^ORCID,Gerdes D W³⁸⁴⁴,Gschwend J²⁶³⁷,Gutierrez G¹⁰,Hinton S R⁴⁵^ORCID,Honscheid K⁹⁴⁶,Jeltema T¹⁷,Kuehn K⁴⁷⁴⁸,Kuropatkin N¹⁰,Maia M A G²⁶³⁷,March M¹⁵^ORCID,Melchior P⁴⁹^ORCID,Menanteau F¹⁸¹⁹,Miquel R³³⁵⁰,Morgan R⁵¹,Myles J³⁴⁵^ORCID,Paz-Chinchón F¹⁸⁵²,Plazas A A⁴⁹^ORCID,Romer A K²⁹,Sanchez E²²,Scarpine V¹⁰,Schubnell M³⁸,Serrano S⁴²⁴³,Smith M⁵³^ORCID,Soares-Santos M³⁸,Suchyta E⁵⁴^ORCID,Swanson M E C¹⁸,Tarle G³⁸,Thomas D⁵⁵^ORCID,Weller J¹²,

Affiliation:

1. Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany

2. Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 München, Germany

3. Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

4. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, PO Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

5. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA

6. Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK

7. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bldg 510, Upton, NY 11973, USA

8. Département de Physique Théorique and Center for Astroparticle Physics, Université de Genéve, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland

9. Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

10. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA

11. Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA

12. Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA

13. Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA

14. Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany

15. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA

16. Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15312, USA

17. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA

18. Center for Astrophysical Surveys, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA

19. Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

20. Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK

21. Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

22. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain

23. Department of Physics, Duke University Durham, NC 27708, USA

24. Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK

25. Departamento de Física Matemática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, São Paulo, SP 05314-970, Brazil

26. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400, Brazil

27. CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France

28. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France

29. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK

30. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK

31. Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain

32. Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, La Laguna, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain

33. Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

34. Astronomy Unit, Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy

35. INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G. B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy

36. Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, Italy

37. Observatório Nacional, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ-20921-400, Brazil

38. Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

39. Department of Physics , IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India

40. Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo. PO Box 1029 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway

41. Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain

42. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain

43. Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain

44. Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

45. School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

46. Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

47. Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia

48. Lowell Observatory, 1400 Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA

49. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

50. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain

51. Physics Department, 2320 Chamberlin Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue Madison, WI 53706-1390, USA

52. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

53. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK

54. Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA

55. Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK

Abstract

ABSTRACT We develop a novel data-driven method for generating synthetic optical observations of galaxy clusters. In cluster weak lensing, the interplay between analysis choices and systematic effects related to source galaxy selection, shape measurement, and photometric redshift estimation can be best characterized in end-to-end tests going from mock observations to recovered cluster masses. To create such test scenarios, we measure and model the photometric properties of galaxy clusters and their sky environments from the Dark Energy Survey Year 3 (DES Y3) data in two bins of cluster richness $\lambda \in [30; 45)$, $\lambda \in [45; 60)$ and three bins in cluster redshift ($z\in [0.3; 0.35)$, $z\in [0.45; 0.5)$ and $z\in [0.6; 0.65)$. Using deep-field imaging data, we extrapolate galaxy populations beyond the limiting magnitude of DES Y3 and calculate the properties of cluster member galaxies via statistical background subtraction. We construct mock galaxy clusters as random draws from a distribution function, and render mock clusters and line-of-sight catalogues into synthetic images in the same format as actual survey observations. Synthetic galaxy clusters are generated from real observational data, and thus are independent from the assumptions inherent to cosmological simulations. The recipe can be straightforwardly modified to incorporate extra information, and correct for survey incompleteness. New realizations of synthetic clusters can be created at minimal cost, which will allow future analyses to generate the large number of images needed to characterize systematic uncertainties in cluster mass measurements.

Funder

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Department of Energy

Laboratory Directed Research and Development

SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

U.S. Department of Energy

National Science Foundation

Science and Technology Facilities Council

Higher Education Funding Council for England

National Center for Supercomputing Applications

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

University of Chicago