21 new long-term variables in the GX 339−4 field: two years of MeerKAT monitoring

Author:

Driessen L N1ORCID,Stappers B W1ORCID,Tremou E2ORCID,Fender R P34,Woudt P A3ORCID,Armstrong R35,Bloemen S6,Groot P367,Heywood I48ORCID,Horesh A9,van der Horst A J1011,Koerding E6,McBride V A71213ORCID,Miller-Jones J C A14ORCID,Mooley K P1516ORCID,Rowlinson A1718ORCID,Wijers R A M J17ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

2. LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, Sarbonne Universite, Universite de Paris, Meudon, F-92190, France

3. Inter-University Institute for Data Intensive Astronomy, Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa

4. Department of Physics, Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK

5. South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, 2 Fir Street, Black River Park, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa

6. Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University, PO Box 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands

7. South African Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 9, Observatory 7935, South Africa

8. Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa

9. Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel

10. Department of Physics, The George Washington University, 725 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA

11. Astronomy, Physics, and Statistics Institute of Sciences (APSIS), 725 21st Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA

12. Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa

13. IAU Office of Astronomy for Development, Cape Town 7935, South Africa

14. International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research – Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia

15. National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, NM 87801, USA

16. Caltech, 1200 E. California Blvd. MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

17. Anton Pannekoek Institute, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94249, NL-1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands

18. Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, NL-7991 PD Dwingeloo, the Netherlands

Abstract

ABSTRACT We present 21 new long-term variable radio sources found commensally in 2 yr of weekly MeerKAT monitoring of the low-mass X-ray binary GX 339−4. The new sources are vary on time-scales of weeks to months and have a variety of light-curve shapes and spectral index properties. Three of the new variable sources are coincident with multiwavelength counterparts; and one of these is coincident with an optical source in deep MeerLICHT images. For most sources, we cannot eliminate refractive scintillation of active galactic nuclei as the cause of the variability. These new variable sources represent 2.2 ± 0.5 per cent of the unresolved sources in the field, which is consistent with the 1–2 per cent variability found in past radio variability surveys. However, we expect to find short-term variable sources in the field and these 21 new long-term variable sources. We present the radio light curves and spectral index variability of the new variable sources, as well as the absolute astrometry and matches to coincident sources at other wavelengths.

Funder

Horizon 2020 Framework Programme

UnivEarthS Labex

Université Sorbonne Paris Cité

National Research Foundation

University of Cape Town

I-CORE

Planning and Budgeting Committee

Israel Science Foundation

German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development

United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation

University of Pretoria

University of the Western Cape

Department of Science and Innovation, South Africa

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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