Impacts of the Local arm on the local circular velocity inferred from the Gaia DR3 young stars in the Milky Way

Abstract

ABSTRACT A simple one-dimensional axisymmetric disc model is applied to the kinematics of O type and B type stars (OB stars) near the Sun obtained from Gaia Data Release 3 catalogue. The model determines the ‘local centrifugal speed’ Vc(R0) – defined as the circular velocity in the Galactocentric rest frame, where the star would move in a near-circular orbit if the potential is axisymmetric with the local potential of the Galaxy. We find that the Vc(R0) values and their gradient vary across the selected region of stars within the solar neighbourhood. By comparing with an N-body/hydrodynamic simulation of a Milky Way-like galaxy, we find that the kinematics of the young stars in the solar neighbourhood is affected by the Local arm, which makes it difficult to measure Vc(R0). However, from the resemblance between the observational data and the simulation, we suggest that the known rotational velocity gap between the Coma Bernices and Hyades-Pleiades moving groups could be driven by the co-rotation resonance of the Local arm, which can be used to infer the azimuthally averaged circular velocity. We find that Vc(R) obtained from the D < 2 kpc sample is well matched with this gap at the position of the Local arm. Hence, we argue that our results from the D < 2 kpc sample, Vc(R0) = 234 ± 2 km s−1, are close to the azimuthally averaged circular velocity rather than the local centrifugal speed, which is influenced by the presence of the Local arm.