SN 2019hcc: a Type II supernova displaying early O ii lines

Author:

Parrag Eleonora1ORCID,Inserra Cosimo1ORCID,Schulze Steve2ORCID,Anderson Joseph3,Chen Ting-Wan24,Leloudas Giorgios5,Galbany Lluis6ORCID,Gutiérrez Claudia P78,Hiramatsu Daichi910,Kankare Erkki8,Müller-Bravo Tomás E11,Nicholl Matt12,Pignata Giuliano1314,Cartier Regis15,Gromadzki Mariusz16ORCID,Kozyreva Alexandra17ORCID,Rau Arne4,Burke Jamison910,Howell D Andrew910,McCully Curtis9,Pellegrino Craig910

Affiliation:

1. School of Physics & Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK

2. The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

3. European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Casilla 19, 19001 Santiago, Chile

4. Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany

5. DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

6. Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain

7. Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland

8. Tuorla Observatory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland

9. Las Cumbres Observatory, 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA

10. Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA

11. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, UK

12. Birmingham Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

13. Departamento de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avda. Republica 252, 8320000 Santiago, Chile

14. Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS), Nuncio Monseñor Sotero Sanz 100, Providencia, Santiago, Chile

15. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile

16. Astronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, Pl-00-478 Warszawa, Poland

17. Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany

Abstract

ABSTRACT We present optical spectroscopy together with ultraviolet, optical, and near-infrared photometry of SN 2019hcc, which resides in a host galaxy at redshift 0.044, displaying a sub-solar metallicity. The supernova spectrum near peak epoch shows a ‘w’ shape at around 4000 Å which is usually associated with O ii lines and is typical of Type I superluminous supernovae. SN 2019hcc post-peak spectra show a well-developed H α P-Cygni profile from 19 d past maximum and its light curve, in terms of its absolute peak luminosity and evolution, resembles that of a fast-declining Hydrogen-rich supernova (SN IIL). The object does not show any unambiguous sign of interaction as there is no evidence of narrow lines in the spectra or undulations in the light curve. Our tardis spectral modelling of the first spectrum shows that carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen (CNO) at 19 000 K reproduce the ‘w’ shape and suggests that a combination of non-thermally excited CNO and metal lines at 8000 K could reproduce the feature seen at 4000 Å. The Bolometric light-curve modelling reveals that SN 2019hcc could be fit with a magnetar model, showing a relatively strong magnetic field (B > 3 × 1014 G), which matches the peak luminosity and rise time without powering up the light curve to superluminous luminosities. The high-energy photons produced by the magnetar would then be responsible for the detected O ii lines. As a consequence, SN 2019hcc shows that a ‘w’ shape profile at around 4000 Å, usually attributed to O ii, is not only shown in superluminous supernovae and hence it should not be treated as the sole evidence of the belonging to such a supernova type.

Funder

ESO

European Space Agency

Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica

Royal Astronomical Society

National Science Foundation

Liverpool John Moores University

Space Telescope Science Institute

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Michigan State University

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

European Southern Observatory

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

California Institute of Technology

Science and Technology Facilities Council

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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