The orbit and stellar masses of the archetype colliding-wind binary WR 140

Author:

Thomas Joshua D1ORCID,Richardson Noel D2ORCID,Eldridge J J3ORCID,Schaefer Gail H4,Monnier John D5,Sana Hugues6ORCID,Moffat Anthony F J7,Williams Peredur8ORCID,Corcoran Michael F910,Stevens Ian R11ORCID,Weigelt Gerd12,Zainol Farrah D11,Anugu Narsireddy1314,Le Bouquin Jean-Baptiste15,ten Brummelaar Theo4,Campos Fran16,Couperus Andrew117,Davies Claire L13ORCID,Ennis Jacob5,Eversberg Thomas18,Garde Oliver19,Gardner Tyler5,Fló Joan Guarro20,Kraus Stefan13,Labdon Aaron13,Lanthermann Cyprien615,Leadbeater Robin21,Lester T22,Maki Courtney1,McBride Brendan1,Ozuyar Dogus23ORCID,Ribeiro J24,Setterholm Benjamin5,Stober Berthold2526,Wood Mackenna1,Zurmühl Uwe27

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physics, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Ave, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA

2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 3700 Willow Creek Road, Prescott, AZ 86301, USA

3. Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1010, New Zealand

4. Mount Wilson Observatory, The CHARA Array of Georgia State University,Mount Wilson, CA 91023, USA

5. Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 1085 S. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

6. Institute of Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium

7. Centre de Recherche en Astrophysique du Québec, Département de physique, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. C.-V., Montréal, QC H3C 3J7

8. Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK

9. CRESST II & X-ray Astrophysics Laboratory, Code 662, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

10. Department of Physics, Institute for Astrophysics and Computational Sciences, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA

11. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

12. Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany

13. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QL, UK

14. Steward Observatory, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA

15. Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Université Grenoble Alpes CS 40700 38058 Grenoble Cédex 9, France

16. Observatori Puig d’Agulles, Passatge Bosc 1, E-08759 Vallirana, Barcelona, Spain

17. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, 33 Gilmer Street SE Atlanta, GA 30303, USA

18. Schnörringen Telescope Science Institute, 51677 Wipperfürth, Waldbröl, Germany

19. Observatoire de la Tourbiére, F-38690 CHABONS, France

20. Balmes 2, E-08784 Piera, Barcelona, Spain

21. The Birches Torpenhow, Wigton, Cumbria CA7 1JF, UK

22. 1178 Mill Ridge Road, Arnprior, ON K7S3G8, Canada

23. Department of Astronomy and Space Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ankara University,06100 Tandogan, Ankara, Turkey

24. Observatório do Centro de Informação Geoespacial do Exército - Lisboa, Lisboa, 1849-014, Portugal

25. VdS Section Spectroscopy, Germany

26. Teide Pro-Am Collaboration

27. D-31180 Giesen, Lower Saxony, Germany

Abstract

ABSTRACT We present updated orbital elements for the Wolf–Rayet (WR) binary WR 140 (HD 193793; WC7pd  + O5.5fc). The new orbital elements were derived using previously published measurements along with 160 new radial velocity measurements across the 2016 periastron passage of WR 140. Additionally, four new measurements of the orbital astrometry were collected with the CHARA Array. With these measurements, we derive stellar masses of $M_{\rm WR} = 10.31\pm 0.45 \, \mathrm{M}_\odot$ and $M_{\rm O} = 29.27\pm 1.14 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. We also include a discussion of the evolutionary history of this system from the Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis model grid to show that this WR star likely formed primarily through mass-loss in the stellar winds, with only a moderate amount of mass lost or transferred through binary interactions.

Funder

National Science Foundation

GSU

H2020 European Research Council

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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