X-ray plasma flow and turbulence in the colliding winds of WR140

Abstract

ABSTRACT We analyse the XMM–Newton RGS spectra of Wolf–Rayet (WR) 140, an archetype long-period eccentric WR+O colliding wind binary. We evaluate the spectra of O and Fe emission lines and find that the plasmas emitting these lines have the largest approaching velocities with the largest velocity dispersions between phases 0.935 and 0.968 where the inferior conjunction of the O star occurs. This behaviour is the same as that of the Ne line-emission plasma presented in our previous paper. We perform a diagnosis of the electron number density ne using the He-like triplet lines of O and Ne-like Fe–L lines. The former results in a conservative upper limit of ne ≲ 1010–1012 cm−3 on the O line-emission site, while the latter cannot impose any constraint on the Fe line-emission site because of statistical limitations. We calculate the line-of-sight velocity and its dispersion separately along the shock cone. By comparing the observed and calculated line-of-sight velocities, we update the distance of the Ne line-emission site from the stagnation point. By assuming radiative cooling of the Ne line-emission plasma using the observed temperature and the local stellar wind density, we estimate that the line-emission site extends along the shock cone by at most ±58 per cent (phase 0.816) of the distance from the stagnation point. In this framework, the excess of the observed velocity dispersion over that calculated is ascribed to turbulence in the hot-shocked plasma at earlier orbital phases of 0.816, 0.912, and 0.935, with the largest velocity dispersion of 340-630 km s−1 at phase 0.912.