Anomalous gas in ESO 149-G003: a MeerKAT-16 view

Author:

Józsa Gyula I G123,Thorat Kshitij214,Kamphuis Peter5,Sebokolodi Lerato126,Maina Eric K2,Wang Jing7,Pieterse Daniëlle L A8,Groot Paul8910,Ramaila Athanaseus J T1,Serra Paolo11,Andati Lexy A L2,de Blok W J G121314,Hugo Benjamin V12,Kleiner Dane11ORCID,Maccagni Filippo M11ORCID,Makhathini Sphesihle2,Molnár Dániel Cs11ORCID,Ramatsoku Mpati211ORCID,Smirnov Oleg M12,Bloemen Steven8,Paterson Kerry15ORCID,Vreeswijk Paul8,McBride Vanessa16ORCID,Klein-Wolt Marc8,Woudt Patrick9ORCID,Körding Elmar8,Le Poole Rudolf17,Goedhart Sharmila118ORCID,Passmoor Sean S1,Serylak Maciej119,Dettmar Ralf-Jürgen5

Affiliation:

1. South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, 2 Fir Street, Black River Park, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa

2. Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Makhanda 6140, South Africa

3. Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121 Bonn, Germany

4. Department of Physics, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa

5. Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute, D-44780 Bochum, Germany

6. National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 1003 Lopezville Rd, Socorro, NM 87801, USA

7. Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

8. Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University, PO 9010, NL-6500 GL, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

9. Inter-University Institute for Data Intensive Astronomy, Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa

10. South African Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 9, 7935 Observatory, South Africa

11. INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, Via della Scienza 5, I-09047 Selargius (CA), Italy

12. Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Postbus 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, the Netherlands

13. Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa

14. Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, Postbus 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, the Netherlands

15. Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 1800 Sherman Ave, Evanston, IL 60201, USA

16. IAU-Office For Astronomy for Development, PO Box 9, 7935 Observatory, South Africa

17. Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands

18. Centre for Space Research, North-West University, Potchefstroom campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa

19. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa

Abstract

ABSTRACT ESO 149-G003 is a close-by, isolated dwarf irregular galaxy. Previous observations with the ATCA indicated the presence of anomalous neutral hydrogen ($\rm{H{\small I}}$) deviating from the kinematics of a regularly rotating disc. We conducted follow-up observations with the MeerKAT radio telescope during the 16-dish Early Science programme as well as with the MeerLICHT optical telescope. Our more sensitive radio observations confirm the presence of anomalous gas in ESO 149-G003, and further confirm the formerly tentative detection of an extraplanar $\rm{H{\small I}}$ component in the galaxy. Employing a simple tilted-ring model, in which the kinematics is determined with only four parameters but including morphological asymmetries, we reproduce the galaxy’s morphology, which shows a high degree of asymmetry. By comparing our model with the observed $\rm{H{\small I}}$, we find that in our model, we cannot account for a significant (but not dominant) fraction of the gas. From the differences between our model and the observed data cube, we estimate that at least 7–8 per cent of the $\rm{H{\small I}}$ in the galaxy exhibits anomalous kinematics, while we estimate a minimum mass fraction of less than 1 per cent for the morphologically confirmed extraplanar component. We investigate a number of global scaling relations and find that, besides being gas-dominated with a neutral gas-to-stellar mass ratio of 1.7, the galaxy does not show any obvious global peculiarities. Given its isolation, as confirmed by optical observations, we conclude that the galaxy is likely currently acquiring neutral gas. It is either re-accreting gas expelled from the galaxy or accreting pristine intergalactic material.

Funder

Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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