<i>TESS</i> and <i>CHEOPS</i> discover two warm sub-Neptunes transiting the bright K-dwarf HD 15906-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

TESS and CHEOPS discover two warm sub-Neptunes transiting the bright K-dwarf HD 15906

Published:2023-05-30 Issue:2 Volume:523 Page:3090-3118
ISSN:0035-8711
Container-title:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Tuson A¹^ORCID,Queloz D¹²^ORCID,Osborn H P³⁴^ORCID,Wilson T G⁵^ORCID,Hooton M J¹⁶^ORCID,Beck M⁷^ORCID,Lendl M⁷^ORCID,Olofsson G⁸^ORCID,Fortier A³⁶^ORCID,Bonfanti A⁹^ORCID,Brandeker A⁸^ORCID,Buchhave L A¹⁰^ORCID,Collier Cameron A⁵^ORCID,Ciardi D R¹¹^ORCID,Collins K A¹²^ORCID,Gandolfi D¹³^ORCID,Garai Z¹⁴¹⁵¹⁶^ORCID,Giacalone S¹⁷^ORCID,Gomes da Silva J¹⁸,Howell S B¹⁹^ORCID,Patel J A⁸,Persson C M²⁰^ORCID,Serrano L M¹³^ORCID,Sousa S G¹⁸^ORCID,Ulmer-Moll S⁶⁷^ORCID,Vanderburg A⁴^ORCID,Ziegler C²¹,Alibert Y⁶^ORCID,Alonso R²²²³^ORCID,Anglada G²⁴²⁵^ORCID,Bárczy T²⁶^ORCID,Barrado Navascues D²⁷^ORCID,Barros S C C¹⁸²⁸^ORCID,Baumjohann W⁹^ORCID,Beck T⁶,Benz W³⁶^ORCID,Billot N⁷^ORCID,Bonfils X²⁹^ORCID,Borsato L³⁰^ORCID,Broeg C³⁶^ORCID,Cabrera J³¹^ORCID,Charnoz S³²^ORCID,Conti D M³³^ORCID,Csizmadia Sz³¹^ORCID,Cubillos P E⁹³⁴,Davies M B³⁵^ORCID,Deleuil M³⁶^ORCID,Delrez L³⁷³⁸^ORCID,Demangeon O D S¹⁸²⁸^ORCID,Demory B-O³⁶^ORCID,Dragomir D³⁹^ORCID,Dressing C D¹⁷^ORCID,Ehrenreich D⁷⁴⁰^ORCID,Erikson A³¹,Essack Z⁴⁴¹^ORCID,Farinato J³⁰^ORCID,Fossati L⁹^ORCID,Fridlund M²⁰⁴²^ORCID,Furlan E¹¹^ORCID,Gill H¹⁷^ORCID,Gillon M³⁷^ORCID,Gnilka C L¹⁹^ORCID,Gonzales E⁴³,Güdel M⁴⁴,Günther M N⁴⁵^ORCID,Hoyer S³⁶^ORCID,Isaak K G⁴⁶^ORCID,Jenkins J M¹⁹^ORCID,Kiss L L⁴⁷⁴⁸,Laskar J⁴⁹^ORCID,Latham D W¹²^ORCID,Law N⁵⁰,Lecavelier des Etangs A⁵¹^ORCID,Curto G Lo⁵²^ORCID,Lovis C⁷^ORCID,Luque R⁵³^ORCID,Magrin D³⁰^ORCID,Mann A W⁵⁰^ORCID,Maxted P F L⁵⁴^ORCID,Mayor M⁷,McDermott S⁵⁵,Mecina M⁴⁴,Mordasini C³⁶,Mortier A⁵⁶^ORCID,Nascimbeni V³⁰^ORCID,Ottensamer R⁴⁴,Pagano I⁵⁷^ORCID,Pallé E²²^ORCID,Peter G⁵⁸^ORCID,Piotto G³⁰⁵⁹^ORCID,Pollacco D⁶⁰,Pritchard T⁶¹,Ragazzoni R³⁰⁵⁹^ORCID,Rando N⁴⁵,Ratti F⁴⁵,Rauer H³¹⁶²⁶³^ORCID,Ribas I²⁴²⁵^ORCID,Ricker G R⁴^ORCID,Rieder M⁶,Santos N C¹⁸²⁸^ORCID,Savel A B⁶⁴^ORCID,Scandariato G⁵⁷^ORCID,Schwarz R P¹²^ORCID,Seager S⁴⁴¹⁶⁵^ORCID,Ségransan D⁷^ORCID,Shporer A⁴^ORCID,Simon A E⁶^ORCID,Smith A M S³¹^ORCID,Steller M⁹^ORCID,Stockdale C⁶⁶^ORCID,Szabó Gy M¹⁵¹⁶,Thomas N⁶,Torres G¹²^ORCID,Tronsgaard R¹⁰^ORCID,Udry S⁷^ORCID,Ulmer B⁵⁸,Van Grootel V³⁸^ORCID,Vanderspek R⁴^ORCID,Venturini J⁷,Walton N A⁶⁷^ORCID,Winn J N⁶⁸^ORCID,Wohler B¹⁹⁶⁹^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK

2. ETH Zurich, Department of Physics , Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland

3. Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern , Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

4. Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

5. Centre for Exoplanet Science, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews , North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK

6. Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern , Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

7. Observatoire Astronomique de l’Université de Genève , Chemin Pegasi 51, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

8. Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center , SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

9. Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences , Schmiedlstrasse 6, A-8042 Graz, Austria

10. DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Elektrovej 328, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark

11. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute , Caltech/IPAC, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

12. Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

13. Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Torino , via Pietro Giuria 1, I-10125 Torino, Italy

14. Astronomical Institute, Slovak Academy of Science, Stellar Department, Tatranská Lomnica , 05960 Vysoké Tatry, Slovakia

15. ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Gothard Astrophysical Observatory , 9700 Szombathely, Szent Imre h. u. 112, Hungary

16. MTA-ELTE Exoplanet Research Group , 9700 Szombathely, Szent Imre h. u. 112, Hungary

17. Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

18. Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto , CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, P-4150-762 Porto, Portugal

19. NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA

20. Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology , Onsala Space Observatory, SE-439 92 Onsala, Sweden

21. Department of Physics, Engineering and Astronomy , Stephen F. Austin State University, 1936 North St, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA

22. Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias , E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

23. Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna , E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

24. Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC) , Campus UAB, Can Magrans s/n, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain

25. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona, Spain

26. Admatis, 5. Kandó Kálmán Street , 3534 Miskolc, Hungary

27. Depto. de Astrofisica, Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC-INTA), ESAC campus , E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada (Madrid), Spain

28. Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal

29. Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France

30. INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy

31. Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR) , Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

32. Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris , CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France

33. American Association of Variable Star Observers , 49 Bay State Road, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

34. INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio , 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese To, Italy

35. Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University , Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden

36. Aix Marseille Univ , CNRS, CNES, LAM, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie, F-13388 Marseille, France

37. Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège , Allée du 6 Août 19C, B-4000 Liège, Belgium

38. Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Université de Liège , Allée du 6 Août 19C, B-4000 Liège, Belgium

39. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico , 210 Yale Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA

40. Centre Vie dans l’Univers, Faculté des sciences, Université de Genève , Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland

41. Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

42. Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden , PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands

43. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA

44. Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna , Tuerkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria

45. European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) , Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, the Netherlands

46. Science and Operations Department-Science Division (SCI-SC), Directorate of Science, European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) , Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, the Netherlands

47. Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences , 1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, Hungary

48. ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Physics , Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary

49. IMCCE, UMR8028 CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Univ. , Sorbonne Univ., 77 av. Denfert-Rochereau, F-75014 Paris, France

50. Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255, USA

51. Institut d’astrophysique de Paris , UMR7095 CNRS, Université Pierre & Marie Curie, 98bis blvd. Arago, F-75014 Paris, France

52. European Southern Observatory , Av. Alonso de Cordova 3107, Casilla 19001, Santiago de Chile, Chile

53. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA

54. Astrophysics Group, Keele University , Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK

55. Proto-Logic LLC, 1718 Euclid Street NW , Washington, DC 20009, USA

56. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

57. INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania , Via S. Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy

58. Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR) , Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany

59. Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia ‘Galileo Galilei’, Universita degli Studi di Padova , Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padova, Italy

60. Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

61. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

62. Zentrum für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstr. 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany

63. Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften, Freie Universität Berlin , D-12249 Berlin, Germany

64. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA

65. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

66. Hazelwood Observatory , Australia

67. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

68. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

69. SETI Institute , Mountain View, CA 94043, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT We report the discovery of two warm sub-Neptunes transiting the bright (G = 9.5 mag) K-dwarf HD 15906 (TOI 461, TIC 4646810). This star was observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) in sectors 4 and 31, revealing two small transiting planets. The inner planet, HD 15906 b, was detected with an unambiguous period but the outer planet, HD 15906 c, showed only two transits separated by ∼ 734 d, leading to 36 possible values of its period. We performed follow-up observations with the CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS) to confirm the true period of HD 15906 c and improve the radius precision of the two planets. From TESS, CHEOPS, and additional ground-based photometry, we find that HD 15906 b has a radius of 2.24 ± 0.08 R⊕ and a period of 10.924709 ± 0.000032 d, whilst HD 15906 c has a radius of 2.93$^{+0.07}_{-0.06}$ R⊕ and a period of 21.583298$^{+0.000052}_{-0.000055}$ d. Assuming zero bond albedo and full day-night heat redistribution, the inner and outer planet have equilibrium temperatures of 668 ± 13 K and 532 ± 10 K, respectively. The HD 15906 system has become one of only six multiplanet systems with two warm (≲ 700 K) sub-Neptune sized planets transiting a bright star (G ≤ 10 mag). It is an excellent target for detailed characterization studies to constrain the composition of sub-Neptune planets and test theories of planet formation and evolution.

Funder

NSF

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

Link

https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/523/2/3090/50530085/stad1369.pdf

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