TOI-908: a planet at the edge of the Neptune desert transiting a G-type star

Author:

Hawthorn Faith12ORCID,Bayliss Daniel12ORCID,Armstrong David J12ORCID,Fernández Fernández Jorge12ORCID,Osborn Ares12ORCID,Sousa Sérgio G34ORCID,Adibekyan Vardan34,Davoult Jeanne5,Collins Karen A6ORCID,Alibert Yann5,Barros Susana C C34,Bouchy François7,Brogi Matteo128,Ciardi David R9,Daylan Tansu10,Delgado Mena Elisa3,Demangeon Olivier D S34ORCID,Díaz Rodrigo F11,Gan Tianjun12,Horne Keith13,Hoyer Sergio14ORCID,Jenkins Jon M15,Jensen Eric L N16ORCID,Kielkopf John F17,Kostov Veselin18,Latham David W6,Levine Alan M19,Lillo-Box Jorge20,Nielsen Louise D21,Osborn Hugh P519,Ricker George R19,Rodrigues José34,Santos Nuno C34,Schwarz Richard P6,Seager Sara192223,Serrano Bell Juan24,Shporer Avi19,Stockdale Chris25,Strøm Paul A12,Tenenbaum Peter1526,Udry Stéphane7,Wheatley Peter J12ORCID,Winn Joshua N10,Ziegler Carl27

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL , UK

2. Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL , UK

3. Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto , CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, PL-4150-762 Porto , Portugal

4. Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, PL-4169-007 Porto , Portugal

5. Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern , NCCR PlanetS, CSH, Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland

6. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 , USA

7. Observatoire de l’Université de Genève , Chemin Pegasi 51, 1290 Versoix , Switzerland

8. INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino , Via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese , Italy

9. IPAC-NASA Exoplanet Science Institute , 770 S. Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91106 , USA

10. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , Princeton, NJ 08544 , USA

11. International Center for Advanced Studies (ICAS) and ICIFI (CONICET), ECyT-UNSAM, Campus Miguelete , 25 de Mayo y Francia, 1650 Buenos Aires , Argentina

12. Department of Astronomy and Tsinghua Centre for Astrophysics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China

13. SUPA Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews , Fife, KY16 9SS Scotland , UK

14. Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS , CNES, LAM, 13388 Cedex 13 Marseille , France

15. NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035 , USA

16. Department of Physics & Astronomy , Swarthmore College, Swarthmore PA 19081 , USA

17. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40292 , USA

18. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 , USA

19. Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA

20. Centro de Astrobiología (CAB, CSIC-INTA), Depto. de Astrofśica , ESAC campus, E-28692, Villanueva de la Cañada (Madrid) , Spain

21. European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 2, D-85748 Garching bei München , Germany

22. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA

23. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139 , USA

24. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , Paseo del Bosque s/n, B1900 Buenos Aires , Argentina

25. Hazelwood Observatory , Churchill, Victoria , Australia

26. SETI Institute , Mountain View, CA 94043 , USA

27. Department of Physics, Engineering and Astronomy, Stephen F. Austin State University , 1936 North Street, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 , USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT We present the discovery of an exoplanet transiting TOI-908 (TIC-350153977) using data from TESS sectors 1, 12, 13, 27, 28, and 39. TOI-908 is a T = 10.7 mag G-dwarf (Teff  =  5626 ± 61 K) solar-like star with a mass of 0.950 ± 0.010 M⊙ and a radius of 1.028 ± 0.030 R⊙. The planet, TOI-908 b, is a 3.18 ± 0.16 R⊕ planet in a 3.18 d orbit. Radial velocity measurements from HARPS reveal TOI-908 b has a mass of approximately 16.1 ± 4.1 M⊕, resulting in a bulk planetary density of $2.7^{+0.2}_{-0.4}$ g cm−3. TOI-908 b lies in a sparsely populated region of parameter space known as the Neptune desert. The planet likely began its life as a sub-Saturn planet before it experienced significant photoevaporation due to X-rays and extreme ultraviolet radiation from its host star, and is likely to continue evaporating, losing a significant fraction of its residual envelope mass.

Funder

European Space Agency

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

California Institute of Technology

Mitutoyo Association for Science and Technology

Science and Technology Facilities Council

UK Research and Innovation

FCT

Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional

Horizon 2020

Spanish State Research Agency

Swiss National Science Foundation

John Templeton Foundation

CNES

FEDER

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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