TESS discovery of a sub-Neptune orbiting a mid-M dwarf TOI-2136

Author:

Gan Tianjun1ORCID,Soubkiou Abderahmane234,Wang Sharon X1,Benkhaldoun Zouhair2ORCID,Mao Shude15,Artigau Étienne67,Fouqué Pascal89,Arnold Luc8,Giacalone Steven10,Theissen Christopher A11,Aganze Christian11,Burgasser Adam11,Collins Karen A12ORCID,Shporer Avi13,Barkaoui Khalid141516ORCID,Ghachoui Mourad214,Howell Steve B17,Lamman Claire12,Demangeon Olivier D S34,Burdanov Artem15,Cadieux Charles6,Chouqar Jamila2,Collins Kevin I18,Cook Neil J6ORCID,Delrez Laetitia1419ORCID,Demory Brice-Olivier20,Doyon René67,Dransfield Georgina21ORCID,Dressing Courtney D10,Ducrot Elsa1422,Fan Jiahao23,Garcia Lionel14,Gill Holden10,Gillon Michaël14ORCID,Gnilka Crystal L1724,Gómez Maqueo Chew Yilen25,Günther Maximilian N26ORCID,Henze Christopher E17,Huang Chelsea X1327,Jehin Emmanuel19,Jensen Eric L N28ORCID,Lin Zitao29,Manset Nadine8,McCormac James30,Murray Catriona A31ORCID,Niraula Prajwal15,Pedersen Peter P31,Pozuelos Francisco J1419,Queloz Didier3132,Rackham Benjamin V15ORCID,Savel Arjun B33,Schanche Nicole20ORCID,Schwarz Richard P34,Sebastian Daniel21,Thompson Samantha31,Timmermans Mathilde14,Triaud Amaury H M J21ORCID,Vezie Michael13,Wells Robert D20,de Wit Julien15,Ricker George R13,Vanderspek Roland13,Latham David W12,Seager Sara131535,Winn Joshua N36,Jenkins Jon M17

Affiliation:

1. Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China

2. Oukaimeden Observatory, High Energy Physics and Astrophysics Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University , Marrakech 644M+C9G, Morocco

3. Departamento de Fisica e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal

4. Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto, CAUP , Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal

5. National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 20A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100012, China

6. Département de Physique, IREX, Université de Montréal , Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada

7. Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic, Université de Montréal , Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada

8. Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope , 65-1238 Mamalahoa Hwy, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA

9. Univ. de Toulouse, CNRS, IRAP , 14 Avenue Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France

10. Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

11. Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California , San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA

12. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

13. Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

14. Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège , Allée du 6 Août 19C, B-4000 Liège, Belgium

15. Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

16. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) , Calle Vía Láctea s/n, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

17. NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA

18. George Mason University , 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA

19. Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Universitd́e Liège , Allée du 6 Août 19C, B-4000 Liège, Belgium

20. Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern , Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

21. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

22. CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France

23. School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China

24. NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, Caltech/IPAC , Mail Code 100-22, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

25. Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria , Ciudad de México 04510, México

26. European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA) , Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, the Netherlands

27. Centre for Astrophysics, University of Southern Queensland , West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia

28. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Swarthmore College , Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA

29. Department of Physics, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China

30. Department of Physics, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

31. Cavendish Laboratory , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK

32. ETH Zurich, Department of Physics , Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland

33. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USA

34. Patashnick Voorheesville Observatory , Voorheesville, NY 12186, USA

35. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

36. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT We present the discovery of TOI-2136 b, a sub-Neptune planet transiting a nearby M4.5V-type star every 7.85 d, identified through photometric measurements from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission. The host star is located 33 pc away with a radius of R* = 0.34 ± 0.02 R⊙, a mass of $0.34\pm 0.02 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, and an effective temperature of 3342 ± 100 K. We estimate its stellar rotation period to be 75 ± 5 d based on archival long-term photometry. We confirm and characterize the planet based on a series of ground-based multiwavelength photometry, high-angular-resolution imaging observations, and precise radial velocities from Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT)/SpectroPolarimètre InfraROUge (SPIRou). Our joint analysis reveals that the planet has a radius of 2.20 ± 0.17 R⊕ and a mass of 6.4 ± 2.4 M⊕. The mass and radius of TOI-2136 b are consistent with a broad range of compositions, from water-ice to gas-dominated worlds. TOI-2136 b falls close to the radius valley for M dwarfs predicted by thermally driven atmospheric mass-loss models, making it an interesting target for future studies of its interior structure and atmospheric properties.

Funder

National Science Foundation of China

University of Porto

Erasmus plus

Heising-Simons Foundation

UNAM

ARC

FRIA

FNRS

University of Liège

Cadi Ayyad University

National Science Foundation

NASA Ames Research Center

Seventh Framework Programme

Federation Wallonia-Brussels

Simons Foundation

European Space Agency

Swiss National Science Foundation

Horizon 2020 Framework Programme

MERAC Foundation

Science and Technology Facilities Council

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

FEDER

National Geographic Society

NASA Science Mission Directorate

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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