Velocity dispersions of clusters in the Dark Energy Survey Y3 redMaPPer catalogue

Author:

Wetzell V123,Jeltema T E12ORCID,Hegland B12,Everett S12,Giles P A4ORCID,Wilkinson R4,Farahi A56ORCID,Costanzi M789ORCID,Hollowood D L12ORCID,Upsdell E4,Saro A78910ORCID,Myles J111213ORCID,Bermeo A4,Bhargava S4,Collins C A14,Cross D12,Eiger O12,Gardner G12,Hilton M15,Jobel J12,Kelly P12,Laubner D12,Liddle A R16,Mann R G17,Martinez V12,Mayers J4,McDaniel A1218,Romer A K4,Rooney P4,Sahlen M19,Stott J20,Swart A12,Turner D J4,Viana P T P2122,Abbott T M C23,Aguena M24,Allam S25,Andrade-Oliveira F2426,Annis J25,Asorey J27,Bertin E2829,Burke D L1213,Calcino J30,Carnero Rosell A243132,Carollo D33,Carrasco Kind M3435,Carretero J36,Choi A37,Crocce M3839,da Costa L N2440,Pereira M E S41,Davis T M30,De Vicente J27,Desai S42,Diehl H T25,Dietrich J P43,Doel P44,Evrard A E4145,Ferrero I46,Fosalba P3839,Frieman J2547,García-Bellido J48,Gaztanaga E3839,Glazebrook K49,Gruen D43,Gruendl R A3435,Gschwend J2440,Gutierrez G25,Hinton S R30,Honscheid K3750,James D J51,Kuehn K5253,Kuropatkin N25,Lahav O44,Lewis G F54,Lidman C5556,Lima M2457,Maia M A G2440,Marshall J L17,Melchior P58,Menanteau F3435,Miquel R3659,Morgan R60,Palmese A2547,Paz-Chinchón F3461,Plazas Malagón A A58,Sanchez E27,Scarpine V25,Serrano S3839,Sevilla-Noarbe I27,Smith M62,Soares-Santos M41,Suchyta E20,Tarle G41,Thomas D63,Tucker B E56,Tucker D L25,Varga T N6465,Weller J6465,

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physics, University of California , 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA

2. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California , 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA

3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA

4. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex , Brighton BN1 9QH, UK

5. The Michigan Institute for Data Science, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

6. Department of Physics and Leinweber Center for Theoretical Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

7. Astronomy Unit, Department of Physics, University of Trieste , via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy

8. IFPU – Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe , via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, Italy

9. INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , via G. B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy

10. INFN – National Institute for Nuclear Physics , via Valerio 2, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

11. Department of Physics, Stanford University , 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

12. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , PO Box 2450, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

13. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA

14. Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK

15. School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Westville Campus, Durban 4041, South Africa

16. Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa , P-1769-016 Lisboa, Portugal

17. George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843, USA

18. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University , Kinard Lab of Physics, Clemson, SC 29634-0978, USA

19. Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , 13083-859 Campinas, SP, Brazil

20. Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA

21. Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciencias do Espaco, Universidade do Porto , CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, P-4150-762 Porto, Portugal

22. Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre 687, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal

23. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory , Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile

24. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, 20921-400 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

25. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA

26. Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista , CEP 01049-010, São Paulo, Brazil

27. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) , 28040, Madrid, Spain

28. Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095 , F-75014 Paris, France

29. Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095 , F-75014 Paris, France

30. School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

31. Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias , E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

32. Dpto. Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna , E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

33. INAF, Astrophysical Observatory of Turin , I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy

34. Center for Astrophysical Surveys, National Center for Supercomputing Applications , 1205 West Clark St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

35. Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

36. Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB , E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

37. Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210, USA

38. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona, Spain

39. Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n , E-08193 Barcelona, Spain

40. Observatório Nacional , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, 20921-400 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

41. Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

42. Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad , Kandi, Telangana 502285, India

43. Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Scheinerstraße 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany

44. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK

45. Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

46. Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo , PO Box 1029, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway

47. Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA

48. Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid , E-28049 Madrid, Spain

49. Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia

50. Department of Physics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210, USA

51. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

52. Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University , North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia

53. Lowell Observatory , 1400 Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA

54. Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics A28, The University of Sydney , Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia

55. Centre for Gravitational Astrophysics, College of Science, The Australian National University , Acton, ACT 2601, Australia

56. The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University , Acton, ACT 2601, Australia

57. Departamento de Física Matemática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo , CP 66318, 05314-970 São Paulo, SP, Brazil

58. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

59. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats , E-08010 Barcelona, Spain

60. Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 2320 Chamberlin Hall, 1150 University Avenue Madison, WI 53706-1390, USA

61. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

62. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton , Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK

63. Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK

64. Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany

65. Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Universitäts-Sternwarte , Scheinerstrasse 1, D-81679 München, Germany

Abstract

ABSTRACT We measure the velocity dispersions of clusters of galaxies selected by the red-sequence Matched-filter Probabilistic Percolation (redMaPPer) algorithm in the first three years of data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES), allowing us to probe cluster selection and richness estimation, λ, in light of cluster dynamics. Our sample consists of 126 clusters with sufficient spectroscopy for individual velocity dispersion estimates. We examine the correlations between cluster velocity dispersion, richness, X-ray temperature, and luminosity, as well as central galaxy velocity offsets. The velocity dispersion–richness relation exhibits a bimodal distribution. The majority of clusters follow scaling relations between velocity dispersion, richness, and X-ray properties similar to those found for previous samples; however, there is a significant population of clusters with velocity dispersions that are high for their richness. These clusters account for roughly 22 per cent of the λ < 70 systems in our sample, but more than half (55 per cent) of λ < 70 clusters at z > 0.5. A couple of these systems are hot and X-ray bright as expected for massive clusters with richnesses that appear to have been underestimated, but most appear to have high velocity dispersions for their X-ray properties likely due to line-of-sight structure. These results suggest that projection effects contribute significantly to redMaPPer selection, particularly at higher redshifts and lower richnesses. The redMaPPer determined richnesses for the velocity dispersion outliers are consistent with their X-ray properties, but several are X-ray undetected and deeper data are needed to understand their nature.

Funder

U.S. Department of Energy

Office of Science

Office of High Energy Physics

ERC

MIUR

INFN

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

Science and Technology Facilities Council

Higher Education Funding Council for England

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Ohio State University

Texas A&M University

Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

University of California

Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas

University of Chicago

University College London

University of Edinburgh

Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

University of Nottingham

University of Pennsylvania

University of Portsmouth

SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory

Stanford University

University of Sussex

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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