A dragon’s flame of many colours: multiwavelength observations of flares from the active M binary CR Draconis

Author:

Jackman James A G1ORCID,Shkolnik Evgenya L1,Loyd R O Parke2,Richey-Yowell Tyler3,Llama Joe3,Boyd David456,Buchheim Bob46,Iadevaia David45,Martin Jack45,Sims Forrest4567,Walker Gary46,Wetmore John46

Affiliation:

1. School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University , Tempe, AZ 85287 , USA

2. Eureka Scientific , 2452 Delmer Street Suite 100, Oakland, CA, 94602-3017 , USA

3. Lowell Observatory , 1400 W Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001 , USA

4. Spectroscopy Discussion Group (SDG) , 85281, USA

5. British Astronomical Association (BAA) , 5 Farringdon Street, London EC4A 4AB , UK

6. American Association of Variable Star Observers , 49 Bay State Road, Cambridge, MA 02138 , USA

7. Astronomical Ring for Access to Spectroscopy (ARAS) CS 34229, France

Abstract

ABSTRACT We present the results of a multiwavelength Professional–Amateur campaign to study the behaviour of flares from the active M1.5V star binary CR Draconis. CR Dra was observed with Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) 20-s photometry, Swift near-ultraviolet (NUV) grism spectroscopy and with ground-based optical photometry and spectroscopy from a global collaboration of amateur astronomers. We detected 14 flares with TESS and Swift simultaneously, one of which also had simultaneous ground-based photometry and spectroscopy. We used the simultaneous two-colour optical and NUV observations to characterize the temperature evolution of the flare and test the accuracy of using optical data to predict NUV emission. We measured a peak temperature of $7100^{+150}_{-130}$ K for this flare, cooler than the typically assumed 9000 K blackbody model used by flare studies. We also found that the 9000 K blackbody overestimated the NUV flux for other flares in our sample, which we attributed to our Swift observations occurring during flare decays, highlighting the phase-dependence for the accuracy of flare models.

Funder

MINECO

Space Telescope Science Institute

NASA

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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