Combining timing characteristics with physical broad-band spectral modelling of black hole X-ray binary GX 339–4

Author:

Connors R M T12ORCID,van Eijnatten D1,Markoff S13,Ceccobello C14ORCID,Grinberg V5,Heil L1,Kantzas D13,Lucchini M1,Crumley P16ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Anton Pannekoek Institute, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands

2. Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

3. GRAPPA, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands

4. Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden

5. Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik (IAAT), Universität Tübingen, Sand 1, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany

6. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT GX 339–4 is a black hole X-ray binary that is a key focus of accretion studies, since it goes into outburst roughly every 2–3 yr. Tracking of its radio, infrared (IR), and X-ray flux during multiple outbursts reveals tight broad-band correlations. The radio emission originates in a compact, self-absorbed jet; however, the origin of the X-ray emission is still debated: jet base or corona? We fit 20 quasi-simultaneous radio, IR, optical, and X-ray observations of GX 339–4 covering three separate outbursts in 2005, 2007, 2010–2011, with a composite corona+jet model, where inverse Compton emission from both regions contributes to the X-ray emission. Using a recently proposed identifier of the X-ray variability properties known as power-spectral hue, we attempt to explain both the spectral and evolving timing characteristics, with the model. We find the X-ray spectra are best fit by inverse Compton scattering in a dominant hot corona (kTe ∼ hundreds of keV). However, radio and IR-optical constraints imply a non-negligible contribution from inverse Compton scattering off hotter electrons (kTe ≥ 511 keV) in the base of the jets, ranging from a few up to ∼50 per cent of the integrated 3–100 keV flux. We also find that the physical properties of the jet show interesting correlations with the shape of the broad-band X-ray variability of the source, posing intriguing suggestions for the connection between the jet and corona.

Funder

Nurses Organization of Veterans Affairs

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research

Esperantic Studies Foundation

Ministry of Science, Research and the Arts Baden-Württemberg

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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