PHANGS: constraining star formation time-scales using the spatial correlations of star clusters and giant molecular clouds-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

PHANGS: constraining star formation time-scales using the spatial correlations of star clusters and giant molecular clouds

Published:2022-09-11 Issue:3 Volume:516 Page:4612-4626
ISSN:0035-8711
Container-title:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Turner Jordan A¹^ORCID,Dale Daniel A¹,Lilly James¹,Boquien Mederic²,Deger Sinan³,Lee Janice C⁴^ORCID,Whitmore Bradley C⁵,Anand Gagandeep S⁵,Benincasa Samantha M⁶⁷,Bigiel Frank⁸,Blanc Guillermo A⁹¹⁰,Chevance Mélanie¹¹^ORCID,Emsellem Eric¹²¹³,Faesi Christopher M¹⁴,Glover Simon C O¹⁵^ORCID,Grasha Kathryn¹⁶¹⁷^ORCID,Hughes Annie¹⁸¹⁹^ORCID,Klessen Ralf S¹⁵²⁰^ORCID,Kreckel Kathryn¹¹^ORCID,Kruijssen J M Diederik¹¹^ORCID,Leroy Adam K⁶⁷,Pan Hsi-An²¹,Rosolowsky Erik²²^ORCID,Schruba Andreas²³,Williams Thomas G²⁴^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming , Laramie, WY 82071, USA

2. Universidad de Antofagasta, Centro de Astronomáa , Avenida Angamos 601, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile

3. TAPIR, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

4. Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA

5. Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

6. Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

7. Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics , 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA

8. Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn , Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121 Bonn, Germany

9. The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science , 813 Santa Barbara St., Pasadena, CA 91101, USA

10. Departmento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile , Camino del Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile

11. Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg , Mönchhofstraße 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

12. European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzchild Straße 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany

13. Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574 , F-69230 Saint-Genis-Laval, France

14. University of Massachusetts-Amherst , 710 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA

15. Universität Heidelberg, Zentrum für Astronomie, Intitut für Theoretische Astrophysik , Albert-Ueberle-Str 2, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

16. Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia

17. ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) , Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia

18. CNRS, IRAP , 9 Av. du Colonel Roche, BP 44346, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France

19. Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP , F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France

20. Universität Heidelberg, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen , Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

21. Department of Physics, Tamkang University , No.151, Yingzhuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan

22. 4-183 CCIS, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada

23. Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik , Giessenbachstraße 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany

24. Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany

Abstract

ABSTRACT In the hierarchical view of star formation, giant molecular clouds (GMCs) undergo fragmentation to form small-scale structures made up of stars and star clusters. Here we study the connection between young star clusters and cold gas across a range of extragalactic environments by combining the high resolution (1″) PHANGS–ALMA catalogue of GMCs with the star cluster catalogues from PHANGS–HST. The star clusters are spatially matched with the GMCs across a sample of 11 nearby star-forming galaxies with a range of galactic environments (centres, bars, spiral arms, etc.). We find that after 4 − 6 Myr the star clusters are no longer associated with any gas clouds. Additionally, we measure the autocorrelation of the star clusters and GMCs as well as their cross-correlation to quantify the fractal nature of hierarchical star formation. Young (≤10 Myr) star clusters are more strongly autocorrelated on kpc and smaller spatial scales than the $\gt \, 10$ Myr stellar populations, indicating that the hierarchical structure dissolves over time.

Funder

Australian Research Council

European Research Council

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

NASA

ESA

Space Telescope Science Institute

Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan

FONDECYT

ADS

NSF

NINS