A uniform analysis of debris discs with the Gemini Planet Imager II: constraints on dust density distribution using empirically informed scattering phase functions

Author:

Hom Justin12ORCID,Patience J1,Chen C H3,Duchêne G45ORCID,Mazoyer J6ORCID,Millar-Blanchaer M A7ORCID,Esposito T M48ORCID,Kalas P489ORCID,Crotts K A10ORCID,Gonzales E C11ORCID,Kolokolova L12,Lewis B L13ORCID,Matthews B C14ORCID,Rice M15ORCID,Weinberger A J16ORCID,Wilner D J17ORCID,Wolff S G2ORCID,Bruzzone S18,Choquet E19,Debes J20,De Rosa R J21ORCID,Donaldson J16,Draper Z10,Fitzgerald M P13,Hines D C3,Hinkley S22,Hughes A M23ORCID,López R A13ORCID,Marchis F8ORCID,Metchev S18,Moro-Martin A3,Nesvold E1324,Nielsen E L25ORCID,Oppenheimer R26ORCID,Padgett D27ORCID,Perrin M D3ORCID,Pueyo L3,Rantakyrö F28,Ren B B529ORCID,Schneider G2,Soummer R3,Song I30ORCID,Stark C C31

Affiliation:

1. School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University , Tempe, AZ 85281 , USA

2. Steward Observatory and Department of Astronomy, The University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721 , USA

3. Space Telescope Science Institute , Baltimore, MD 21218 , USA

4. Astronomy Department, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720 , USA

5. Université Grenoble Alpes/CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble , F-38000 Grenoble , France

6. LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université , 5 place Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon , France

7. Department of Physics, University of California , Santa Barbara, CA 93106 , USA

8. SETI Institute, Carl Sagan Center , 189 Bernardo Ave., Mountain View CA 94043 , USA

9. Institute of Astrophysics , FORTH, GR-71110 Heraklion , Greece

10. Physics & Astronomy Department, University of Victoria , 3800 Finnerty Rd. Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2 , Canada

11. Department of Physics & Astronomy, San Francisco State University , 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132 , USA

12. Astronomy Department, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742 , USA

13. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles , 475 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90025 , USA

14. Herzberg Astronomy & Astrophysics Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada , 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC, V9E 2E7 , Canada

15. Department of Astronomy, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06511 , USA

16. Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science , 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 , USA

17. Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 , USA

18. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration, The University of Western Ontario , London, ON N6A 3K7 , Canada

19. Aix-Marseille Universite, CNRS, CNES, LAM , 13284 Cedex 7, Marseille , France

20. AURA for ESA, Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 , USA

21. European Southern Observatory , Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago , Chile

22. University of Exeter, Astrophysics Group, Physics Building , Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL , UK

23. Astronomy Department and Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University , 96 Foss Hill Drive, Middletown, CT 06459 , USA

24. Mani L. Bhaumik Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 , USA

25. Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University , P.O. Box 30001, MSC 4500, Las Cruces, NM 88003 , USA

26. Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History , 79th Street at Central Park West, New York, NY 10024 , USA

27. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109 , USA

28. Gemini Observatory , Casilla 603, La Serena , Chile

29. Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange , Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice cedex 4 , France

30. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia , Athens, GA 30602 , USA

31. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771 , USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT Spatially resolved images of debris discs are necessary to determine disc morphological properties and the scattering phase function (SPF) thatantifies the brightness of scattered light as a function of phase angle. Current high-contrast imaging instruments have successfully resolved several dozens of debris discs around other stars, but few studies have investigated trends in the scattered-light, resolved population of debris discs in a uniform and consistent manner. We have combined Karhunen-Loeve Image Projection (KLIP) with radiative-transfer disc forward modelling in order to obtain the highest-quality image reductions and constrain disc morphological properties of eight debris discs imaged by the Gemini Planet Imager at H-band with a consistent and uniformly applied approach. In describing the scattering properties of our models, we assume a common SPF informed from solar system dust scattering measurements and apply it to all systems. We identify a diverse range of dust density properties among the sample, including critical radius, radial width, and vertical width. We also identify radially narrow and vertically extended discs that may have resulted from substellar companion perturbations, along with a tentative positive trend in disc eccentricity with relative disc width. We also find that using a common SPF can achieve reasonable model fits for discs that are axisymmetric and asymmetric when fitting models to each side of the disc independently, suggesting that scattering behaviour from debris discs may be similar to Solar system dust.

Funder

NASA

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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