The International Pulsar Timing Array: second data release

Author:

Perera B B P12ORCID,DeCesar M E3,Demorest P B4,Kerr M5ORCID,Lentati L6,Nice D J3,Osłowski S7ORCID,Ransom S M8ORCID,Keith M J1,Arzoumanian Z9,Bailes M710,Baker P T1112,Bassa C G13,Bhat N D R14,Brazier A1516,Burgay M17ORCID,Burke-Spolaor S111218,Caballero R N19,Champion D J20ORCID,Chatterjee S15,Chen S21222324,Cognard I2321,Cordes J M15,Crowter K25,Dai S26,Desvignes G2027,Dolch T28,Ferdman R D29,Ferrara E C3031,Fonseca E3233,Goldstein J M24ORCID,Graikou E20,Guillemot L2321,Hazboun J S34,Hobbs G26ORCID,Hu H20ORCID,Islo K35,Janssen G H1336,Karuppusamy R20,Kramer M201,Lam M T1112,Lee K J19,Liu K20,Luo J37,Lyne A G1,Manchester R N38,McKee J W201ORCID,McLaughlin M A1112,Mingarelli C M F39ORCID,Parthasarathy A P710,Pennucci T T40,Perrodin D17,Possenti A1741,Reardon D J710ORCID,Russell C J42ORCID,Sanidas S A1,Sesana A43,Shaifullah G13ORCID,Shannon R M710,Siemens X3544,Simon J45,Spiewak R710ORCID,Stairs I H25,Stappers B W1,Swiggum J K35,Taylor S R4647,Theureau G232148,Tiburzi C13,Vallisneri M45ORCID,Vecchio A24,Wang J B49,Zhang S B5051,Zhang L5226,Zhu W W5320,Zhu X J54ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

2. Arecibo Observatory, HC3 Box 53995, Arecibo, PR 00612, USA

3. Department of Physics, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042, USA

4. National Radio Astronomy Observatory, PO Box O, Socorro, NM 87801, USA

5. Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5352, USA

6. Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK

7. Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Post Box 218 Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia

8. National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA

9. Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology and X-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

10. ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav), Swinburne University of Technology, Post Box 218 Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia

11. Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA

12. Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University, Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA

13. ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, Dwingeloo NL-7991 PD, The Netherlands

14. International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia

15. Department of Astronomy and Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA

16. Cornell Center for Advanced Computing, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA

17. INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari, via della Scienza 5, I-09047 Selargius, Italy

18. Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholar, MaRS Centre West Tower, 661 University Ave. Suite 505, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada

19. Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

20. Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany

21. Station de radioastronomie de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS/INSU, F-18330 Nançay, France

22. Department of Time and Frequency, FEMTO-ST Institut de recherche, UBFC and CNRS, ENSMM, F-25030 Besançon, France

23. Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace LPC2E CNRS-Université d’Orléans, F-45071 Orléans, France

24. School of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

25. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada

26. CSIRO Astronomy, Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, PO Box 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia

27. LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 Place Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France

28. Department of Physics, Hillsdale College, 33 E. College Street, Hillsdale, MI 49242, USA

29. School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK

30. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA

31. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA

32. Department of Physics, McGill University, 3600 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada

33. McGill Space Institute, McGill University, 3550 Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada

34. Physical Sciences Division, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, WA 98011, USA

35. Center for Gravitation, Cosmology & Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, PO Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA

36. Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands

37. Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 60 Saint George Street, 14th floor, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada

38. CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, PO Box 76, Epping 1710 NSW, Australia

39. Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA

40. Hungarian Academy of Sciences MTA-ELTE ‘Extragalatic Astrophysics’ Research Group, Institute of Physics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Budapest 1117, Hungary

41. Department of Physics, Università di Cagliari, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0,700, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy

42. CSIRO Scientific Computing Services, Australian Technology Park, Locked Bag 9013, Alexandria, NSW 1435, Australia

43. Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milan, Italy

44. Department of Physics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA

45. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA

46. TAPIR Group, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

47. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, USA

48. Laboratoire Univers et Théories LUTh, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS/INSU, Université Paris Diderot, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France

49. Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Chinese Academy of Science, 150 Science 1-Street, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China

50. Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China

51. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

52. National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A20 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China

53. CAS Key Laboratory of FAST, NAOC, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

54. OzGrav-Monash, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia

Abstract

ABSTRACT In this paper, we describe the International Pulsar Timing Array second data release, which includes recent pulsar timing data obtained by three regional consortia: the European Pulsar Timing Array, the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves, and the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array. We analyse and where possible combine high-precision timing data for 65 millisecond pulsars which are regularly observed by these groups. A basic noise analysis, including the processes which are both correlated and uncorrelated in time, provides noise models and timing ephemerides for the pulsars. We find that the timing precisions of pulsars are generally improved compared to the previous data release, mainly due to the addition of new data in the combination. The main purpose of this work is to create the most up-to-date IPTA data release. These data are publicly available for searches for low-frequency gravitational waves and other pulsar science.

Funder

National Science Foundation

Commonwealth Government

European Research Council

STFC

Programme National de Cosmologie et Galaxies

Gravitation, Références, Astronomie, Métrologie

Simons Foundation

Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery

Australian Research Council

NSFC

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Space and Planetary Science,Astronomy and Astrophysics

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