STRIDES: automated uniform models for 30 quadruply imaged quasars-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

STRIDES: automated uniform models for 30 quadruply imaged quasars

Published:2022-11-01 Issue:1 Volume:518 Page:1260-1300
ISSN:0035-8711
Container-title:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Schmidt T¹^ORCID,Treu T¹^ORCID,Birrer S²³⁴,Shajib A J¹⁵,Lemon C⁶^ORCID,Millon M⁶,Sluse D⁷,Agnello A⁸,Anguita T⁹¹⁰,Auger-Williams M W¹¹¹²,McMahon R G¹¹¹²^ORCID,Motta V¹³^ORCID,Schechter P¹⁴^ORCID,Spiniello C¹⁵¹⁶^ORCID,Kayo I¹⁷^ORCID,Courbin F⁶^ORCID,Ertl S¹⁸¹⁹^ORCID,Fassnacht C D²⁰^ORCID,Frieman J A²¹⁵^ORCID,More A²²²³^ORCID,Schuldt S¹⁸¹⁹^ORCID,Suyu S H¹⁸¹⁹²⁴^ORCID,Aguena M²⁵,Andrade-Oliveira F²⁶,Annis J²¹,Bacon D²⁷,Bertin E²⁸²⁹,Brooks D³⁰,Burke D L²³,Carnero Rosell A³¹²⁵³²,Carrasco Kind M³³³⁴,Carretero J³⁵,Conselice C³⁶³⁷,Costanzi M³⁸³⁹⁴⁰,da Costa L N²⁵⁴¹,Pereira M E S⁴²,De Vicente J⁴³,Desai S⁴⁴,Doel P³⁰,Everett S⁴⁵,Ferrero I⁴⁶,Friedel D³³,García-Bellido J⁴⁷,Gaztanaga E⁴⁸⁴⁹,Gruen D⁵⁰,Gruendl R A³³³⁴,Gschwend J²⁵⁴¹,Gutierrez G²¹,Hinton S R⁵¹,Hollowood D L⁴⁵,Honscheid K⁵²⁵³,James D J⁵⁴,Kuehn K⁵⁵⁵⁶,Lahav O³⁰,Menanteau F³³³⁴,Miquel R⁵⁷³⁵,Palmese A⁵⁸,Paz-Chinchón F³³¹¹,Pieres A²⁵⁴¹,Plazas Malagón A A⁵⁹,Prat J⁶⁰⁵,Rodriguez-Monroy M⁶¹,Romer A K⁶²,Sanchez E⁴³,Scarpine V²¹,Sevilla-Noarbe I⁴³,Smith M⁶³,Suchyta E⁶⁴,Tarle G²⁶,To C⁵²,Varga T N⁶⁵⁶⁶⁶⁷,

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA

2. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology , PO Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

3. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA

4. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University , Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA

5. Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA

6. Institute of Physics, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny , CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

7. STAR Institute , Quartier Agora – Allée du six Août, 19c B-4000 Liège, Belgium

8. DARK, Niels Bohr Institute , Jagtvej 128, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark

9. Departamento de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Andres Bello Fernandez Concha 700 , Las Condes, Santiago, Chile

10. Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, Nuncio Monseñor Sótero Sanz 100 , Of 104, Providencia, Santiago, Chile

11. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

12. Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK

13. Instituto de Física y Astronomía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso , Avda. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso, Chile

14. MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

15. Sub-Department of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK

16. INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte , Salita Moiariello, 16, I-80131 Napoli, Italy

17. Department of Liberal Arts, Tokyo University of Technology , Ota-ku, Tokyo 144-8650, Japan

18. Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik , Karl-Schwarzschild Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany

19. Technische Universität München , Physik Department, James-Franck Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany

20. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95161, USA

21. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory , PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA

22. The Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) , Post Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India

23. Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU) , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8583, Japan

24. Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics , Academia Sinica, 11F of ASMAB, No.1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan

25. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – 20921-400, Brazil

26. Department of Physics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

27. Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK

28. CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris , F-75014 Paris, France

29. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris , F-75014 Paris, France

30. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK

31. Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias , E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

32. Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica , E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain

33. Center for Astrophysical Surveys, National Center for Supercomputing Applications , 1205 West Clark St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

34. Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA

35. Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

36. Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester , Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

37. University of Nottingham, School of Physics and Astronomy , Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK

38. Astronomy Unit, Department of Physics, University of Trieste , via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy

39. INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste , via G. B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy

40. Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe , Via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, Italy

41. Observatório Nacional , Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ – 20921-400, Brazil

42. Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg , Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany

43. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) , E-28040 Madrid, Spain

44. Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad , Kandi, Telangana 502285, India

45. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA

46. Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo , PO Box 1029 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway

47. Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid , E-28049 Madrid, Spain

48. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona, Spain

49. Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n , E-08193 Barcelona, Spain

50. University Observatory, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität , Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany

51. School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland , Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia

52. Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210, USA

53. Department of Physics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210, USA

54. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

55. Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University , North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia

56. Lowell Observatory , 1400 Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA

57. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats , E-08010 Barcelona, Spain

58. Department of Astronomy, University of California , Berkeley, 501 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

59. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

60. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637, USA

61. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) , Madrid, Spain

62. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex , Brighton, BN1 9QH, UK

63. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton , Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK

64. Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA

65. Excellence Cluster Origins , Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany

66. Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics , Giessenbachstrasse, 85748 Garching, Germany

67. Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München , Scheinerstr. 1, 81679 München, Germany

Abstract

ABSTRACT Gravitational time delays provide a powerful one-step measurement of H0, independent of all other probes. One key ingredient in time-delay cosmography are high-accuracy lens models. Those are currently expensive to obtain, both, in terms of computing and investigator time (105–106 CPU hours and ∼0.5–1 yr, respectively). Major improvements in modelling speed are therefore necessary to exploit the large number of lenses that are forecast to be discovered over the current decade. In order to bypass this roadblock, we develop an automated modelling pipeline and apply it to a sample of 31 lens systems, observed by the Hubble Space Telescope in multiple bands. Our automated pipeline can derive models for 30/31 lenses with few hours of human time and <100 CPU hours of computing time for a typical system. For each lens, we provide measurements of key parameters and predictions of magnification as well as time delays for the multiple images. We characterize the cosmography-readiness of our models using the stability of differences in the Fermat potential (proportional to time delay) with respect to modelling choices. We find that for 10/30 lenses, our models are cosmography or nearly cosmography grade (<3 per cent and 3–5 per cent variations). For 6/30 lenses, the models are close to cosmography grade (5–10 per cent). These results utilize informative priors and will need to be confirmed by further analysis. However, they are also likely to improve by extending the pipeline modelling sequence and options. In conclusion, we show that uniform cosmography grade modelling of large strong lens samples is within reach.

Funder

NASA

ESA

Space Telescope Science Institute

National Science Foundation

David and Lucile Packard Foundation

Swiss National Science Foundation

European Research Council

FONDECYT

ANID

Kavli Foundation

Hille Family Charitable Foundation